Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

have enough problems of one's own

Толкование Перевод

1 own

1. adjective
eigen

with one's own eyes — mit eigenen Augen

speak from one's own experience — aus eigener Erfahrung sprechen

this is all my own work — das habe ich alles selbst gemacht

do one's own cooking/housework — selbst kochen/die Hausarbeit selbst machen

make one's own clothes — seine Kleidung selbst schneidern

a house/ideas etc. of one's own — ein eigenes Haus/eigene Ideen usw.

have nothing of one's own — kein persönliches Eigentum haben

have enough problems of one's own — selbst genug Probleme haben

for reasons of his own... — aus nur ihm selbst bekannten Gründen...

that's where he/it comes into his/its own — (fig.) da kommt er/es voll zur Geltung

on one's/its own — (alone) allein

he's in a class of his own — (fig.) er ist eine Klasse für sich; see also academic.ru/31030/get_back">get back 2. 3); hold 1. 10); man 1. 2)
2. transitive verb
besitzen

be owned by somebody — jemandem gehören

be privately owned — sich in Privatbesitz befinden

they behaved as if they owned the place — sie benahmen sich, als ob der Laden ihnen gehörte (ugs.)

Phrasal Verbs:

- own up

* * *
[əun] 1. verb
1) (to have as a possession: I own a car.) besitzen

2) (to admit that something is true: I own that I have not been working very hard.) eingestehen
2. adjective, pronoun
(belonging to (the person stated): The house is my own; I saw it with my own eyes.) eigen

- owner
- ownership
- get one's own back
- own up
* * *

own

[əʊn, AM oʊn]

I. pron

1. (belonging, relating to)

▪ sb's \own jds eigene(r, s)

is that your mum's car? — no, it's my \own ist das das Auto deiner Mutter? — nein, es ist mein eigenes

his time is his \own er kann über seine Zeit frei verfügen

to make sth [all] one's \own sich dat etw [ganz] zu eigen machen

▪ a... of one's \own ein/eine eigene(r, s)...

she's got too many problems of her \own sie hat zu viele eigene Probleme

she has a daughter of her \own sie hat selbst eine Tochter

to have ideas of one's \own eigene Ideen haben

a house/room of one's \own ein eigenes Haus/Zimmer

to have money of one's \own selbst Geld haben

2. (people)

our/their \own unsere/ihre Leute fam; (family) die Unseren/Ihren geh

in this company we like to take care of our \own in dieser Firma kümmern wir uns um unsere Leute fam

they think of her as one of their \own sie sehen sie als eine von ihnen [o geh der Ihren

3.

▶ to be in a class of one's \own eine Klasse für sich akk sein

▶ to come into one's \own (show qualities) zeigen, was in einem steckt fam; (get recognition) die verdiente Anerkennung erhalten

▶ to get one's \own back [on sb] esp BRIT ( fam) sich akk an jdm rächen

▶ [all] on one's/its \own [ganz] allein[e]

II. adj attr, inv

1. (belonging to) eigene(r, s)

was that your \own idea? war das deine eigene Idee?

to hear sth with one's \own ears etw mit eigenen Ohren hören

to see sth with one's \own eyes etw mit eigenen Augen sehen

2. (individual) eigene(r, s)

he has his \own [special] way with things er hat seinen eigenen[, ganz speziellen] Stil, die Dinge anzugehen

3. (for oneself)

▪ to do one's \own sth etw selbst tun

you'll have to get your \own dinner du musst dich selbst um das Abendessen kümmern

she makes all her \own bread sie bäckt ihr ganzes Brot selbst

you'll have to make up your \own mind das musst du für dich alleine entscheiden

4.

▶ to do one's \own thing ( fam) tun, was man will

▶ sb's \own flesh and blood jds eigen[es] Fleisch und Blut geh

▶ on your \own head be it BRIT auf deine Verantwortung

▶ to be one's \own man/woman/person sein eigener Herr sein

▶ in one's \own right (not due to others) aus eigenem Recht; (through one's talents) aufgrund der eigenen Begabung

▶ for one's \own sake um seiner selbst willen, für sich akk [selbst]

▶ to do sth in one's \own time (outside working hours) etw in seiner Freizeit tun; (take one's time) sich akk Zeit lassen

III. vt

1. (possess)

▪ to \own sth etw besitzen

you don't \own me! ( fam) ich bin nicht dein Privateigentum! fam

who \owns this land? wem gehört dieses Land?

he walked into the office as if he \owned the place ( fam) er spazierte in das Büro hinein, als ob es sein eigenes wäre fam

to be privately \owned im Privatbesitz sein

▪ to be \owned by sb jdm gehören

2. ( form: admit)

▪ to \own that... zugeben, dass...

IV. vi ( form)

▪ to \own to sth eingestehen [o zugeben]

they \owned to not paying their taxes sie gaben zu, ihre Steuern nicht bezahlt zu haben

* * *
I [əʊn]
1. vt

1) (= possess) besitzen, haben

who owns that? — wem gehört das?

we used to rent the house, now we own it — wir hatten das Haus vorher gemietet, jetzt gehört es uns

he looks as if he owns the place — er sieht so aus, als wäre er hier zu Hause

the tourists behaved as if they owned the hotel — die Touristen benahmen sich, als gehöre das Hotel ihnen

you don't own me, she said — ich bin nicht dein Privateigentum, sagte sie

2) (= admit) zugeben, zugestehen; (= recognize) anerkennen

he owned that the claim was reasonable — er erkannte die Forderung als gerechtfertigt an, er gab zu, dass die Forderung gerechtfertigt war

to own a child (Jur) — ein Kind (als seines) anerkennen

2. vi

to own to sth — etw eingestehen; to debts etw anerkennen

he owned to having done it — er gestand, es getan zu haben

he didn't own to having done it — er hat nicht zugegeben, dass er es getan hat
II
1. adj attr
eigen
his own car — sein eigenes Auto

one's own car — ein eigenes Auto

he's his own man — er geht seinen eigenen Weg

he likes beauty for its own sake — er liebt die Schönheit um ihrer selbst willen

he does ( all) his own cooking — er kocht für sich selbst

thank you, I'm quite capable of finding my own way out — danke, ich finde sehr gut alleine hinaus

my own one is smaller —

my own one ( liter, hum : = beloved ) — mein Einziger, meine Einzige

own resources (Fin) — Eigenmittel pl

2. pron

1)

that's my own — das ist mein Eigenes

those are my own — die gehören mir

my own is bigger — meine(r, s) ist größer

to make sth one's own — sich (dat) etw zu eigen machen

my time is my own — ich kann mit meiner Zeit machen, was ich will

I can scarcely call my time my own — ich kann kaum sagen, dass ich über meine Zeit frei verfügen kann

his ideas were his own — die Ideen stammten von ihm selbst

I'd like a little house to call my own — ich würde gern ein kleines Häuschen mein Eigen nennen

a house of one's own — ein eigenes Haus

I have money of my own — ich habe selbst Geld

it has a beauty all its own or of its own — es hat eine ganz eigene or eigenartige Schönheit

for reasons of his own —

he gave me one of his own — er gab mir eins von seinen (eigenen)

2)

(in phrases) can I have it for my (very) own? — darf ich das ganz für mich allein behalten?

to get one's own back on sb (esp Brit) — es jdm heimzahlen

he was determined to get his own back (esp Brit) — er war entschlossen, sich zu revanchieren

(all) on one's own — (ganz) allein

on its own — von selbst, von allein

if I can get him on his own — wenn ich ihn allein erwische

the goalkeeper came into his own with a series of brilliant saves — der Torwart zeigte sich von seiner besten Seite, als er eine Reihe von Bällen geradezu fantastisch abwehrte

* * *

own [əʊn]

A v/t

1. besitzen:

who owns this car? wem gehört dieser Wagen?;

it is owned by his uncle es ist im Besitz seines Onkels, es gehört seinem Onkel

2. als eigen anerkennen, die Urheberschaft oder den Besitz (gen) zugeben

3. zugeben, (ein)gestehen, einräumen:

own o.s. defeated sich geschlagen bekennen

B v/i

1. sich bekennen (to zu):

own to sth → A 3

2. own up es zugeben:

own up to doing sth zugeben oder gestehen, etwas getan zu haben

C adj

1. eigen:

my own country mein Vaterland;

she saw it with her own eyes sie sah es mit eigenen Augen;

own resources Eigenmittel;

my own self ich selbst

2. eigen(artig), besonder(er, e, es):

it has a value all its own es hat einen ganz besonderen oder eigenen Wert

3. selbst:

I prepare my own breakfast ich mache mir das Frühstück selbst;

name your own day setze den Tag selbst fest

4. (besonders im Vokativ) (innig) geliebt, einzig:

my own child!;

my own! mein Schatz!

5. (absolut gebraucht)

a) Eigen n, Eigentum n

b) Angehörige pl:

it is my own es ist mein Eigen, es gehört mir;

may I have it for my own? darf ich es haben oder behalten?;

call sth one’s own etwas sein Eigen nennen

6. (ohne Possessivum gebraucht) selten leiblich (Bruder etc)Besondere Redewendungen: let me have my own gebt mir, was mir zukommt;

come into one’s own

a) seinen rechtmäßigen Besitz erlangen; das erlangen, was einem zusteht,

b) zur Geltung kommen,

c) (wieder) zu seinem Recht kommen;

she has a car of her own sie hat ein eigenes Auto;

he has a room of his very own er hat ein Zimmer ganz für sich;

he has a way of his own er hat eine eigene Art;

it has a life of its own es hat ein Eigenleben;

on one’s own

a) selbstständig, unabhängig,

b) von sich aus, aus eigenem Antrieb,

c) ohne fremde Hilfe,

d) auf eigene Verantwortung;

be left on one’s own sich selbst überlassen sein;

score a goal on one’s own SPORT ein Tor im Alleingang erzielen; → get back A 2, hold² B 13 a

* * *
1. adjective
eigen

with one's own eyes — mit eigenen Augen

speak from one's own experience — aus eigener Erfahrung sprechen

this is all my own work — das habe ich alles selbst gemacht

do one's own cooking/housework — selbst kochen/die Hausarbeit selbst machen

make one's own clothes — seine Kleidung selbst schneidern

a house/ideas etc. of one's own — ein eigenes Haus/eigene Ideen usw.

have nothing of one's own — kein persönliches Eigentum haben

have enough problems of one's own — selbst genug Probleme haben

for reasons of his own... — aus nur ihm selbst bekannten Gründen...

that's where he/it comes into his/its own — (fig.) da kommt er/es voll zur Geltung

on one's/its own — (alone) allein

he's in a class of his own — (fig.) er ist eine Klasse für sich; see also get back 2. 3); hold 1. 10); man 1. 2)
2. transitive verb
besitzen

be owned by somebody — jemandem gehören

be privately owned — sich in Privatbesitz befinden

they behaved as if they owned the place — sie benahmen sich, als ob der Laden ihnen gehörte (ugs.)

Phrasal Verbs:

- own up

* * *

adj.

eigen adj. v.

besitzen v.

eigen v.

eingestehen v.

zugeben v.

English-german dictionary > own
2 enough

1. adjective
genug; genügend

there's enough room or room enough — es ist Platz genug od. genügend Platz

more than enough — mehr als genug
2. noun, no pl., no art.
genug

be enough to do something — genügen, etwas zu tun

are there enough of us? — sind wir genug [Leute]?

four people are quite enough — vier Leute genügen völlig

that [amount] will be enough to go round — das reicht für alle

enough of... — genug von...

are there enough of these books to go round? — reichen diese Bücher für alle?

[that's] enough [of that]! — [jetzt ist es] genug!

enough of your nonsense! — Schluss mit dem Unsinn!

have had enough [of somebody/something] — genug [von jemandem/etwas] haben

I've had enough! — jetzt reicht's mir aber!; jetzt habe ich aber genug!

more than enough — mehr als genug

[that's] enough about... — genug über... (Akk.) geredet

enough said — mehr braucht man dazu nicht zu sagen

enough is enough — mal muss es auch genug sein (ugs.)

it's enough to make you weep — es ist zum Weinen

as if that were not enough — als ob das noch nicht genügte
3. adverb
genug

the meat is not cooked enough — das Fleisch ist nicht genügend durch

he is not trying hard enough — er gibt sich nicht genug od. genügend Mühe

they were friendly enough towards us — sie waren soweit recht nett zu uns

oddly/funnily enough — merkwürdiger-/(ugs.) komischerweise

sure enough — natürlich

be good/kind enough to do something — so gut sein, etwas zu tun

* * *
1. adjective
(in the number or quantity etc needed: Have you enough money to pay for the books?; food enough for everyone.) genug
2. pronoun
(the amount needed: He has had enough to eat; I've had enough of her rudeness.) genug
3. adverb
1) (to the degree needed: Is it hot enough?; He swam well enough to pass the test.) genug

2) (one must admit; you must agree: She's pretty enough, but not beautiful; Oddly enough, it isn't raining.) genug

* * *

enough

[ɪˈnʌf]

I. adj inv

1. attr (sufficient) genügend, ausreichend, genug

there are 25 textbooks per class — that should be \enough wir haben 25 Lehrbücher pro Klasse — das dürfte reichen

there's \enough room for everyone es ist genügend Platz für alle da

there was just \enough room for two cars es war gerade Platz genug für zwei Autos

Chris had cooked \enough food to feed an army Chris hat genug Essen gekocht, um eine ganze Armee zu verköstigen

too much work and not \enough people to do it zu viel Arbeit und nicht genug Leute, um sie zu erledigen; ( form)

there will be time \enough to tell you when we meet es ist genug Zeit, dir zu sagen, wann wir uns treffen

2. attr (more than is wanted) genug, genügend

don't you have \enough problems already? hast du nicht schon genug Probleme?

you've had quite \enough time! du hattest doch wohl Zeit genug!

we've got \enough problems without that wir haben auch so schon genug Probleme

I've got problems \enough of one's own ich habe selbst genug Probleme

3.

▶ to give sb \enough rope to hang themselves jdm zu viele Freiheiten lassen

II. adv inv

1. (adequately) genug, genügend, ausreichend

are you warm \enough? ist es dir warm genug?

is the water hot \enough yet? ist das Wasser schon heiß genug?; ( form)

would you be good \enough to take my bag upstairs for me? wären Sie so freundlich, mir meine Tasche nach oben zu tragen?

I can't run fast \enough to keep up with you ich laufe nicht schnell genug, um mit dir Schritt halten zu können

to be experienced \enough for a job ausreichend Erfahrung für einen Job haben

to be stupid \enough to believe sb dumm genug sein, jdm zu glauben

2. (quite) ziemlich

he seems nice \enough er scheint recht nett zu sein

he's bad \enough, but his brother is far worse er ist schon schlimm genug, aber sein Bruder ist noch viel schlimmer

curiously \enough, there is no mention of him seltsamerweise wird er überhaupt nicht erwähnt

funnily \enough komischerweise

to be pretty \enough recht hübsch sein

strangely [or oddly] \enough merkwürdigerweise

III. interj

\enough! jetzt reicht es aber! fam

IV. pron no pl

1. (sufficient quantity) genug, ausreichend

there's \enough for everybody es ist für alle genug da

we had almost \enough but one or two people didn't get any ice cream wir hatten fast genug, nur ein oder zwei Leute bekamen kein Eis

it had looked tight but in the end there was just \enough to go around es hatte eng ausgesehen, aber schlussendlich kamen wir gerade durch

sometimes there is not quite \enough for a second cup manchmal reicht es nicht ganz für eine zweite Tasse

you've had \enough [to eat] du hast genug gehabt!

watching five minutes of the movie was \enough to see that it was going to be bad nach fünf Minuten war klar, dass der Film schlecht war

I know \enough about art to... ich weiß genug über Kunst, um...

she has \enough to do at work to keep her occupied for the next two years sie hat genügend Arbeit, um für die nächsten zwei Jahre beschäftigt zu sein

more than \enough mehr als genug

to have \enough to eat and drink genügend zu essen und zu trinken haben

2. (too much)

half an hour in his company is quite \enough eine halbe Stunde in seiner Gesellschaft ist mehr als genug

you've had quite \enough to eat already du hast wirklich schon genug gegessen; ( fig)

I've had \enough of your excuses/lies! ich habe die Nase voll von deinen Entschuldigungen/Lügen! fam

I've had \enough — I'm going home mir reicht's — ich gehe nach Hause

\enough is \enough genug ist genug!

that's \enough! jetzt reicht es!

you've made \enough of a mess already du hast bereits genug Unheil angerichtet

\enough of this [AM already]! genug davon! fam

to have seen/heard \enough genug gesehen/gehört haben

more than \enough mehr als genug

to have \enough and to spare mehr als genug haben fam

3.

▶ \enough is as good as a feast ( prov) irgendwann muss man [auch mal] zufrieden sein

▶ it's \enough to make a saint swear es ist zum aus der Haut fahren fam

▶ \enough said (don't mention it further) es ist alles gesagt; (I understand) ich verstehe schon

* * *
[ɪ'nʌf]
1. adj

1) (before noun) (= sufficient) genug

enough sugar/apples — genug or genügend Zucker/Äpfel

2)

(after noun form) proof enough — Beweis genug

2. pron
genug (of von)
I had not seen enough of his work — ich hatte noch nicht genug von seiner Arbeit gesehen

I hope it's enough — ich hoffe, es reicht or genügt

two years was enough —

have you enough to pay the bill? we have enough to live on — haben Sie genug, um die Rechnung zu bezahlen? wir haben genug zum Leben, es reicht uns zum Leben

this noise is enough to drive me mad — dieser Lärm macht mich noch ganz verrückt

one song was enough to show he couldn't sing — ein Lied genügte, um zu zeigen, dass er nicht singen konnte

it is enough for us to know that... — es genügt uns zu wissen, dass...

I've got enough to worry about — ich habe genug Sorgen

we've made enough of a mess here — wir haben hier genug angerichtet

enough is enough — was zu viel ist, ist zu viel

enough said — mehr braucht man nicht zu sagen

I've had enough — ich habe genug; (in exasperation) jetzt reichts mir aber

one can never have enough of this music — von dieser Musik kann man nie genug kriegen

that's enough! — jetzt reicht es aber!, jetzt ist es aber genug!

3. adv

1) (= sufficiently) genug

to be punished enough — genug bestraft sein

he is good enough to win — er ist gut genug, um zu gewinnen

he knows well enough what I said — er weiß ganz genau, was ich gesagt habe

2)

(= reasonably, fairly) it is common enough for children to overeat — es kommt durchaus häufig vor, dass Kinder zu viel essen

to be happy enough — einigermaßen zufrieden sein

to be happy enough to do sth — etw so weit ganz gern tun

she sounded sincere enough — sie schien so weit ganz ehrlich

easy enough — nicht allzu schwer

it is easy enough to make them yourself — man kann sie ohne Weiteres selbst machen

he drove off happily enough — er ist ganz fröhlich weggefahren

I like it well enough — es gefällt mir so weit ganz gut

easily enough — ohne größere Schwierigkeiten

See:

→ also academic.ru/26230/fair">fair

3)

oddly or funnily enough — komischerweise

interestingly enough — interessanterweise

See:

→ also sure

* * *

enough [ıˈnʌf]

A adj ausreichend, hinlänglich, genug:

enough bread, bread enough genug Brot, Brot genug;

five are enough fünf reichen oder langen oder sind genug;

this is enough (for us) das genügt (uns);

it is enough for me to know es genügt mir zu wissen;

it is enough to weep (throw up) umg es ist zum Heulen (Kotzen);

as if ( oder though) this were not enough als ob das noch nicht genügte;

he was not man enough ( oder enough of a man) er war nicht Manns genug ( to do zu tun);

I was fool enough ( oder enough of a fool) to believe her ich war so dumm und glaubte ihr;

this is reason enough das ist Grund genug ( to do zu tun)

B s genügende Menge:

have (quite) enough (völlig) genug haben;

I have had enough, thank you danke, ich bin satt!;

I have had (more than) enough of it ich bin oder habe es (mehr als) satt, ich bin (restlos) bedient umg;

enough of that! genug davon!, Schluss damit!;

cry enough sich geschlagen geben, aufhören;

enough is enough! jetzt ist aber Schluss!, jetzt reicht es (mir) aber!;

enough and to spare mehr als genug, übergenug;

enough is as good as a feast allzu viel ist ungesund

C adv genug, genügend, hinlänglich:

it’s a good enough story die Geschichte ist nicht übel;

he does not sleep enough er schläft nicht genug;

be kind ( oder good) enough to do this for me sei so gut oder freundlich und erledige das für mich, erledige das doch bitte für mich;

he was kind enough to do it er hat es liebenswürdigerweise getan;

be good enough to hold your tongue halt gefälligst deinen Mund;

easy enough gar nicht schwer;

safe enough durchaus sicher;

true enough nur zu wahr;

he writes well enough

a) er schreibt recht gut,

b) er schreibt (zwar) ganz leidlich oder schön ( but aber);

you know well enough that this is untrue Sie wissen sehr wohl oder ganz gut, dass das unwahr ist;

you know well enough! du weißt es ganz genau!;

that’s not good enough das lasse ich nicht gelten, das genügt nicht; → curious 2 etc

D int genug!, aufhören!

* * *
1. adjective
genug; genügend

there's enough room or room enough — es ist Platz genug od. genügend Platz

more than enough — mehr als genug
2. noun, no pl., no art.
genug

be enough to do something — genügen, etwas zu tun

are there enough of us? — sind wir genug [Leute]?

four people are quite enough — vier Leute genügen völlig

that [amount] will be enough to go round — das reicht für alle

enough of... — genug von...

are there enough of these books to go round? — reichen diese Bücher für alle?

[that's] enough [of that]! — [jetzt ist es] genug!

enough of your nonsense! — Schluss mit dem Unsinn!

have had enough [of somebody/something] — genug [von jemandem/etwas] haben

I've had enough! — jetzt reicht's mir aber!; jetzt habe ich aber genug!

more than enough — mehr als genug

[that's] enough about... — genug über... (Akk.) geredet

enough said — mehr braucht man dazu nicht zu sagen

enough is enough — mal muss es auch genug sein (ugs.)

it's enough to make you weep — es ist zum Weinen

as if that were not enough — als ob das noch nicht genügte
3. adverb
genug

the meat is not cooked enough — das Fleisch ist nicht genügend durch

he is not trying hard enough — er gibt sich nicht genug od. genügend Mühe

they were friendly enough towards us — sie waren soweit recht nett zu uns

oddly/funnily enough — merkwürdiger-/(ugs.) komischerweise

sure enough — natürlich

be good/kind enough to do something — so gut sein, etwas zu tun

* * *

adj.

genug adj.

hinreichend adj.

English-german dictionary > enough
3 enough

[ɪʼnʌf] adj

inv

1) attr ( sufficient) genügend, ausreichend, genug;

there are 25 textbooks per class - that should be \enough wir haben 25 Lehrbücher pro Klasse - das dürfte reichen;

there's \enough room for everyone es ist genügend Platz für alle da;

there was just \enough room for two cars es war gerade Platz genug für zwei Autos;

Chris had cooked \enough food to feed an army Chris hat genug Essen gekocht, um eine ganze Armee zu verköstigen;

too much work and not \enough people to do it zu viel Arbeit und nicht genug Leute, um sie zu erledigen ( form);

there will be time \enough to tell you when we meet es ist genug Zeit, dir zu sagen, wann wir uns treffen

2) attr ( more than is wanted) genug, genügend;

don't you have \enough problems already? hast du nicht schon genug Probleme?;

you've had quite \enough time! du hattest doch wohl Zeit genug!;

we've got \enough problems without that wir haben auch so schon genug Probleme;

I've got problems \enough of one's own ich habe selbst genug Probleme

PHRASES:

to give sb \enough rope to hang themselves jdm zu viele Freiheiten lassen adv

inv

1) ( adequately) genug, genügend, ausreichend;

are you warm \enough? ist es dir warm genug?;

is the water hot \enough yet? ist das Wasser schon heiß genug? ( form);

would you be good \enough to take my bag upstairs for me? wären Sie so freundlich, mir meine Tasche nach oben zu tragen?;

I can't run fast \enough to keep up with you ich laufe nicht schnell genug, um mit dir Schritt halten zu können;

to be experienced \enough for a job ausreichend Erfahrung für einen Job haben;

to be stupid \enough to believe sb dumm genug sein, jdm zu glauben

2) ( quite) ziemlich;

he seems nice \enough er scheint recht nett zu sein;

he's bad \enough, but his brother is far worse er ist schon schlimm genug, aber sein Bruder ist noch viel schlimmer;

curiously \enough, there is no mention of him seltsamerweise wird er überhaupt nicht erwähnt;

funnily \enough komischerweise;

to be pretty \enough recht hübsch sein;

strangely [or oddly] \enough merkwürdigerweise interj

\enough! jetzt reicht es aber! ( fam) pron

no pl

1) ( sufficient quantity) genug, ausreichend;

there's \enough for everybody es ist für alle genug da;

we had almost \enough but one or two people didn't get any ice cream wir hatten fast genug, nur ein oder zwei Leute bekamen kein Eis;

it had looked tight but in the end there was just \enough to go around es hatte eng ausgesehen, aber schlussendlich kamen wir gerade durch;

sometimes there is not quite \enough for a second cup manchmal reicht es nicht ganz für eine zweite Tasse;

you've had \enough [to eat] du hast genug gehabt!;

watching five minutes of the movie was \enough to see that it was going to be bad nach fünf Minuten war klar, dass der Film schlecht war;

I know \enough about art to... ich weiß genug über Kunst, um...;

she has \enough to do at work to keep her occupied for the next two years sie hat genügend Arbeit, um für die nächsten zwei Jahre beschäftigt zu sein;

more than \enough mehr als genug;

to have \enough to eat and drink genügend zu essen und zu trinken haben

2) ( too much)

half an hour in his company is quite \enough eine halbe Stunde in seiner Gesellschaft ist mehr als genug;

you've had quite \enough to eat already du hast wirklich schon genug gegessen; ( fig)

I've had \enough of your excuses/lies! ich habe die Nase voll von deinen Entschuldigungen/Lügen! ( fam)

I've had \enough - I'm going home mir reicht's - ich gehe nach Hause;

\enough is \enough genug ist genug!;

that's \enough! jetzt reicht es!;

you've made \enough of a mess already du hast bereits genug Unheil angerichtet;

\enough of this [ (Am) already]! genug davon! ( fam)

to have seen/heard \enough genug gesehen/gehört haben;

more than \enough mehr als genug;

to have \enough and to spare mehr als genug haben ( fam)

PHRASES:

\enough is as good as a feast ( prov) irgendwann muss man [auch mal] zufrieden sein;

it's \enough to make a saint swear es ist zum aus der Haut fahren ( fam)

\enough said ( don't mention it further) es ist alles gesagt;

( I understand) ich verstehe schon

English-German students dictionary > enough
4 enough

1. adjective
(in the number or quantity etc needed: Have you enough money to pay for the books?; food enough for everyone.) bastante, suficiente

2. pronoun
(the amount needed: He has had enough to eat; I've had enough of her rudeness.) bastante, suficiente

3. adverb
1) (to the degree needed: Is it hot enough?; He swam well enough to pass the test.) bastante, suficientemente

2) (one must admit; you must agree: She's pretty enough, but not beautiful; Oddly enough, it isn't raining.) bastante, suficientemente

enough¹ adj pron bastante / suficiente

there is enough bread for everyone hay suficiente pan para todos

have you had enough to eat? ¿has comido bastante?

that's enough! ¡ya basta!

to have had enough estar harto

I've had enough of this, I'm going home estoy harto, me voy para casa

enough² adv lo bastante / lo suficiente

you're not tall enough to play basketball no eres lo bastante alto como para jugar al baloncesto

enough

tr[ɪ'nʌf]

adjective

1 bastante, suficiente

■ I think there are enough chairs for everyone creo que hay bastantes sillas para todos

■ have you got enough money? ¿tienes suficiente dinero?

■ I didn't have enough time to finish no tuve tiempo suficiente para acabar

■ she had enough photocopies tenía bastantes fotocopias

adverb

1 bastante, suficientemente

■ is it big enough? ¿es bastante grande?

■ you aren't old enough no eres bastante mayor

■ he's not good enough for the first team no es lo suficientemente bueno para el primer equipo

■ she seemed honest enough parecía bastante honesta

pronoun

1 lo bastante, lo suficiente

■ do you have enough to live on? ¿tienes lo suficiente para vivir?

■ that'll be enough con eso ya hay bastante

■ I've got enough to be getting on with tengo bastante para ir haciendo

■ you've drunk more than enough has bebido más que suficiente

■ it was enough to drive you round the bend era para volverse loco

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

enough is enough! ¡ya está!, ¡basta!

enough said no digas más, no hace falta que digas más

oddly enough / curiously enough / strangely enough por extraño que parezca, curiosamente

to have had enough (of something/somebody) estar harto,-a (de algo/alguien)

enough [ɪ'nʌf] adv

1) : bastante, suficientemente

2)

fair enough! : ¡está bien!, ¡de acuerdo!

3)

strangely enough : por extraño que parezca

4)

sure enough : en efecto, sin duda alguna

5)

well enough : muy bien, bastante bien

enough adj

: bastante, suficiente

do we have enough chairs?: ¿tenemos suficientes sillas?

enough pron

: (lo) suficiente, (lo) bastante

enough to eat: lo suficiente para comer

it's not enough: no basta

I've had enough!: ¡estoy harto!, ¡está bueno ya!

enough

adj.

• bastante adj.

• suficiente adj.

adv.

• asaz adv.

• bastante adv.

• harto adv.

• suficiente adv.

I ɪ'nʌf
adjective bastante, suficiente; (pl) bastantes, suficientes

I don't have enough money to buy it — no me alcanza el dinero para comprarlo

I didn't get enough sleep — no dormí bastante or lo suficiente

they had more than enough time — tuvieron tiempo de sobra

II

pronoun

do you need any more chairs/paper? - no, I have enough — ¿necesitas más sillas/papel? - no, tengo suficientes or bastantes/suficiente or bastante

they don't pay us enough — no nos pagan bastante or lo suficiente

that's enough for me, thank you — (es) suficiente, gracias

you've had more than enough to drink — ya has bebido más que suficiente

enough is enough! — ya basta!

I've had enough! — ya estoy harto!

III

adverb

1) ( sufficiently)

you don't go out enough — no sales lo suficiente

make sure it's big/heavy enough — asegúrate de que sea lo suficientemente grande/pesado

that's not good enough — eso no me satisface, con eso no alcanza

I was foolish enough to give him my phone number — fui tan idiota, que le di el número de teléfono

their house is more than big enough for three people — su casa basta y sobra para tres personas

would you be kind enough to open the window? — ¿sería tan amable de abrir la ventana?

2)

a) (as intensifier)

the threat was plain enough — la amenaza fue muy clara

curiously enough — curiosamente or aunque parezca curioso

b) (quite, very)

it's natural enough that he should want to see her — es muy normal que la quiera ver

he seemed willing enough to help — parecía muy dispuesto a ayudar

c) (tolerably, passably)

I like my job well enough but... — mi trabajo me gusta pero...

it's a nice enough city — como ciudad no está mal

[ɪ'nʌf]
1.

ADJ suficiente, bastante

we have enough apples — tenemos suficientes or bastantes manzanas

I've got enough problems of my own — ya tengo suficientes or bastantes problemas con los míos

I haven't enough room — no tengo suficiente or bastante espacio, no tengo espacio suficiente

did you get enough sleep? — ¿has dormido bastante or lo suficiente?

they didn't have enough money to pay the rent — no tenían suficiente dinero (como) para pagar el alquiler

• more than enough money/time — dinero/tiempo más que suficiente, dinero/tiempo de sobra

• to be proof enough that... — frm ser prueba suficiente de que..., probar a las claras que...

2. ADV

1) with vb [suffer, help, talk] bastante, lo suficiente

I can't thank you enough — no puedo agradecértelo bastante or lo suficiente

• he opened the door just enough to see out — abrió la puerta lo suficiente or lo bastante or lo justo (como) para poder mirar fuera

2) with adj (lo) suficientemente, lo bastante

it's not big enough — no es (lo) suficientemente grande, no es lo bastante grande

he's old enough to go alone — es (lo) suficientemente mayor or es lo bastante mayor (como) para ir solo

that's a good enough excuse — esa es una buena excusa

I'm sorry, that's not good enough — lo siento, pero eso no basta

she seems happy enough — parece bien contenta

she was fool enough or stupid enough to listen to him — fue tan estúpida que le hizo caso

he was kind enough to lend me the money — tuvo la bondad or amabilidad de prestarme el dinero

it's hard enough to cope with two children, let alone with five — ya es difícil defenderse con dos niños, cuanto peor con cinco
fair I, 1., 1), sure 2., 4)
3) with adv

he can't do it fast enough — no lo puede hacer lo bastante or lo suficientemente rápido, no lo puede hacer con la suficiente rapidez

when he saw her coming he couldn't get away fast enough — cuando la vio venir desapareció todo lo rápido que pudo

• he hadn't prepared the report carefully enough — no había preparado el informe con la debida atención

• curiously or oddly or strangely enough — por extraño or raro que parezca

• you know well enough that... — sabes muy bien or de sobra que...

they seem to be settling down well enough — parece que se están adaptando bastante bien

he writes well enough, I suppose — no escribe mal, supongo
funnily
3.

PRON bastante, suficiente

there are enough for everyone — hay bastantes or suficientes para todos

will £15 be enough? — ¿habrá bastante or suficiente con 15 libras?, ¿bastarán 15 libras?, ¿serán suficientes 15 libras?

that's enough, thanks — con eso basta or ya es suficiente, gracias

that's enough! — ¡basta ya!, ¡ya está bien!

as if that weren't enough — por si eso fuera poco

have you had enough to eat? — ¿has comido bastante or lo suficiente?

you don't eat enough — no comes bastante or lo suficiente

we don't get paid enough — no nos pagan bastante or lo suficiente

I have enough to do without taking on more work — tengo ya bastante que hacer (como) para aceptar más trabajo

we earn enough to live on — ganamos lo bastante or lo suficiente (como) para vivir

• it's enough to drive you mad * — es (como) para volverse loco

• enough's enough — ¡basta ya!, ¡ya está bien!

• it is enough for us to know that... — nos basta con saber que...

• we've got more than enough — tenemos más que suficiente(s) or más que de sobra

he has had more than enough to drink — ha bebido más de la cuenta

• I've had enough of his silly behaviour — ya estoy harto de sus tonterías

you can never have enough of this scenery — nunca se cansa uno de este paisaje

• I think you have said enough — creo que ya has dicho bastante or suficiente

- enough is as good as a feast
ENOUGH
Agreement
► When used as an {adjective} or a {pronoun}, bas tante, like suficiente, agrees with the noun it describes or refers to:
Are there enough potatoes? ¿Hay bastantes patatas?
Eggs? Yes, there are enough ¿Huevos? Sí, hay bastantes ► Don't add an "s" to the {adverb} bas tante ({i.e.} when it modifies an adjective or verb other than ser, parecer {etc}):
They're not poor enough to get money from the State No son lo bastante pobres (como) para recibir dinero del Estado
We've studied these photographs enough Ya hemos estudiado bastante estas fotografías
After verbs - adverbial use
► When a purpose is implied or stated, translate using lo suficiente or, especially in affirmative phrases, lo bastante:
We know enough to be able to say that these techniques are safe Sabemos lo suficiente or lo bastante (como) para afirmar que estas técnicas son seguras ► When no purpose is implied or stated, translate using either bas tante or lo suficiente:
He says he hasn't had enough to eat Dice que no ha comido bastante or no ha comido lo suficiente
We shall never be able to thank you enough Nunca se lo podremos agradecer bastante or lo suficiente
After adjectives and adverbs
► Translate using lo + bastante + ((adjective/adverb)) or (lo) suficientemente + ((adjective/adverb)):
He isn't good enough to take part in the Olympics No es lo bastante or (lo) suficientemente bueno (como) para participar en las Olimpiadas
She couldn't run fast enough to catch him No pudo correr lo bastante or (lo) suficientemente rápido (como) para atraparlo No pudo correr lo bastante or lo suficiente (como) para atraparlo
To be enough
► To be enough can often be translated using bastar:
That's enough! ¡Basta ya!
That's enough to feed an army! Con eso basta para dar de comer a un regimiento As b astar is an impersonal verb, it often takes an indirect object:
Promises are no longer enough for him Ya no le bastan las promesas
That's enough for him Con eso le basta For further uses and examples, see main entry
* * *

I [ɪ'nʌf]
adjective bastante, suficiente; (pl) bastantes, suficientes

I don't have enough money to buy it — no me alcanza el dinero para comprarlo

I didn't get enough sleep — no dormí bastante or lo suficiente

they had more than enough time — tuvieron tiempo de sobra

II

pronoun

do you need any more chairs/paper? - no, I have enough — ¿necesitas más sillas/papel? - no, tengo suficientes or bastantes/suficiente or bastante

they don't pay us enough — no nos pagan bastante or lo suficiente

that's enough for me, thank you — (es) suficiente, gracias

you've had more than enough to drink — ya has bebido más que suficiente

enough is enough! — ya basta!

I've had enough! — ya estoy harto!

III

adverb

1) ( sufficiently)

you don't go out enough — no sales lo suficiente

make sure it's big/heavy enough — asegúrate de que sea lo suficientemente grande/pesado

that's not good enough — eso no me satisface, con eso no alcanza

I was foolish enough to give him my phone number — fui tan idiota, que le di el número de teléfono

their house is more than big enough for three people — su casa basta y sobra para tres personas

would you be kind enough to open the window? — ¿sería tan amable de abrir la ventana?

2)

a) (as intensifier)

the threat was plain enough — la amenaza fue muy clara

curiously enough — curiosamente or aunque parezca curioso

b) (quite, very)

it's natural enough that he should want to see her — es muy normal que la quiera ver

he seemed willing enough to help — parecía muy dispuesto a ayudar

c) (tolerably, passably)

I like my job well enough but... — mi trabajo me gusta pero...

it's a nice enough city — como ciudad no está mal

English-spanish dictionary > enough
5 have

1. transitive verb,
pres. he has, p.t. & p.p. had

1) (possess) haben

I have it! — ich hab's[!]

and what have you — (coll.) und so weiter

2) (obtain) bekommen

let's not have any... — lass uns... vermeiden

come on, let's have it! — (coll.) rück schon raus damit! (ugs.)

3) (take) nehmen

4) (keep) behalten; haben

5) (eat, drink, etc.)

have breakfast/dinner/lunch — frühstücken/zu Abend/zu Mittag essen

6) (experience) haben [Spaß, Vergnügen]

7) (suffer) haben [Krankheit, Schmerz, Enttäuschung, Abenteuer]; (show) haben [Güte, Freundlichkeit, Frechheit]

8) (engage in)

have a game of football — Fußball spielen

9) (accept)

I won't have it — das lasse ich mir nicht bieten

10) (give birth to) bekommen

11) (coll.): (swindle)

I was had — ich bin [he]reingelegt worden (ugs.)

ever been had! — da bist du ganz schön reingefallen (ugs.)

12) (know)

I have it on good authority that... — ich weiß es aus zuverlässiger Quelle, dass...

13) (as guest)

have somebody to stay — jemanden zu Besuch haben

14) (summon)

he had me into his office — er hat mich in sein Büro beordert

15) (in coll. phrases)

you've had it now — (coll.) jetzt ist es aus (ugs.)

this car/dress has had it — (coll.) dieser Wagen/dieses Kleid hat ausgedient
2. auxiliary verb,
he has, had

1) forming past tenses

I have/I had read — ich habe/hatte gelesen

I have/I had gone — ich bin/war gegangen

having seen him — (because) weil ich ihn gesehen habe/hatte; (after) wenn ich ihn gesehen habe/nachdem ich ihn gesehen hatte

if I had known... — wenn ich gewusst hätte...

2) (cause to be)

have something made/repaired — etwas machen/reparieren lassen

have the painters in — die Maler haben

have somebody do something — jemanden etwas tun lassen

have a tooth extracted — sich (Dat.) einen Zahn ziehen lassen

3)

she had her purse stolen — man hat ihr das Portemonnaie gestohlen

4) (expr. obligation)

have to — müssen

I only have to do the washing-up — ich muss nur noch den Abwasch machen

I have only to see him to feel annoyed — ich brauche ihn nur zu sehen, und ich ärgere mich

he has to be guilty — er ist fraglos schuldig
3. noun
the haves and the have-nots — die Besitzenden und die Besitzlosen

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/33887/have_off">have off

- have on

- have out

* * *

(to have or keep (something) in case or until it is needed: If you go to America please keep some money in reserve for your fare home.) in Reserve halten

* * *

have

[hæv, həv]

I. AUXILIARY VERB

<has, had, had>

1. (forming past tenses)

he has never been to Scotland before er war noch nie zuvor in Schottland

we had been swimming wir waren schwimmen gewesen

I've heard that story before ich habe diese Geschichte schon einmal gehört

I wish I'd bought it ich wünschte, ich hätte es gekauft

\have we been invited? — yes we \have sind wir eingeladen worden? — ja, sind wir

I've passed my test — \have you? congratulations! ich habe den Test bestanden — oh, wirklich? herzlichen Glückwunsch!

they still hadn't had any news sie hatten immer noch keine Neuigkeiten

2. (experience)

she had her car stolen last week man hat ihr letzte Woche das Auto gestohlen

he had a window smashed es wurde ihm eine Scheibe eingeschlagen

3. (render)

▪ to \have sth done etw tun lassen

to \have one's hair cut/done/dyed sich dat die Haare schneiden/machen/färben lassen

4. (must)

▪ to \have [or \have got] to do sth etw tun müssen

what time \have we got to be there? wann müssen wir dort sein?

do I \have to? muss ich [das] wirklich?

5. ( form: if)

had I/she/he etc. done sth,... hätte ich/sie/er etc. etw getan,..., wenn ich/sie/er etc. etw getan hätte,...

if only I'd known this wenn ich das nur gewusst hätte

II. TRANSITIVE VERB

<has, had, had>

1. (possess)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth etw haben

he's got green eyes er hat grüne Augen; (own) etw haben [o besitzen]

I don't have [or haven't got] a car ich habe [o besitze] kein Auto

do you have a current driving licence? haben Sie einen gültigen Führerschein?

she has a degree in physics sie hat einen Hochschulabschluss in Physik

to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] the time (know the time) die Uhrzeit haben, wissen, wie spät [o wie viel Uhr] es ist; (have enough time) Zeit haben

\have you got the time? kannst du mir die Uhrzeit sagen?

will you \have time to finish the report today? reicht es Ihnen, den Bericht heute noch zu Ende zu schreiben?

2. (suffer from)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth illness, symptom etw haben

to \have cancer/polio Krebs/Polio haben, an Krebs/Polio erkrankt sein

to \have a cold erkältet sein, eine Erkältung haben

3. (feel)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth etw haben

at least she had the good sense to turn the gas off zumindest war sie so schlau, das Gas abzudrehen

he had the gall to tell me that I was fat! hat er doch die Frechheit besessen, mir zu sagen, ich sei dick!

to \have the decency to do sth die Anständigkeit besitzen, etw zu tun

to \have the honesty to do sth so ehrlich sein, etw zu tun

to \have patience/sympathy Geduld/Mitgefühl haben

I \haven't any sympathy for this troublemaker ich empfinde keinerlei Mitleid mit diesem Unruhestifter

4. (engage in)

to \have a bath/shower ein Bad/eine Dusche nehmen, baden/duschen

to \have a nap [or ( fam) snooze] ein Schläfchen [o fam Nickerchen] machen

to \have a party eine Party machen

to \have a swim schwimmen

to \have a talk with sb mit jdm sprechen; (argue) sich akk mit jdm aussprechen

to \have a try es versuchen

I'd like to \have a try ich würde es gern einmal probieren

to \have a walk spazieren gehen, einen Spaziergang machen

5. (consume)

▪ to \have sth etw zu sich dat nehmen

I'll \have the trout, please ich hätte gern die Forelle

I haven't had shrimps in ages! ich habe schon ewig keine Shrimps mehr gegessen!

\have a cigarette/some more coffee nimm doch eine Zigarette/noch etwas Kaffee

we're having sausages for lunch today zum Mittagessen gibt es heute Würstchen

to \have a cigarette eine Zigarette rauchen

to \have lunch/dinner zu Mittag/Abend essen

6. (experience)

we're having a wonderful time in Venice wir verbringen eine wundervolle Zeit in Venedig

we didn't \have any difficulty finding the house wir hatten keinerlei Schwierigkeiten, das Haus zu finden

we'll soon \have rain es wird bald regnen

let's not \have any trouble now! bloß kein Ärger jetzt!

to \have fun/luck Spaß/Glück haben

\have a nice day/evening! viel Spaß!; (to customers) einen schönen Tag noch!

7. (receive)

I've just had a letter from John ich habe gerade erst einen Brief von John erhalten

okay, let's \have it! okay, her [o rüber] damit! fam

to let sb \have sth back jdm etw zurückgeben

to \have news of sb Neuigkeiten von jdm erfahren

8. (receive persons)

my mother's having the children to stay die Kinder bleiben bei meiner Mutter

we had his hamster for weeks wir haben wochenlang für seinen Hamster gesorgt

they've got Ian's father staying with them Ians Vater ist bei ihnen zu Besuch

thanks for having us danke für Ihre Gastfreundschaft

to \have sb back (resume relationship) jdn wieder [bei sich dat] aufnehmen

they solved their problems, and she had him back sie haben ihre Probleme gelöst und sie ist wieder mit ihm zusammen

to \have sb to visit jdn zu [o auf] Besuch haben

to \have visitors Besuch haben

9. (feature)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth etw haben

the new model has xenon headlights das neue Modell ist mit Xenon-Scheinwerfern ausgestattet

10. (exhibit)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth etw haben [o aufweisen]

this wine has a soft, fruity flavour dieser Wein schmeckt weich und fruchtig

11. (comprise)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth etw haben

a week has 7 days eine Wochen hat [o geh zählt] 7 Tage

12. (have learned)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth etw haben

to \have [a little] French/German Grundkenntnisse in Französisch/Deutsch haben

13. (think)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth idea, plan, reason, suggestion etw haben

\have you reason to think he'll refuse? ( form) haben Sie Grund zur Annahme, dass er ablehnen wird?

14. (be obliged)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth to do etw tun müssen

you simply \have to see this film! diesen Film musst du dir unbedingt anschauen!

15. (give birth to)

to \have a child ein Kind bekommen

my mother was 18 when she had me meine Mutter war 18, als ich geboren wurde

to be having a baby (be pregnant) ein Baby bekommen, schwanger sein

16. (render)

to have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] the radio/TV on das Radio/den Fernseher anhaben fam

to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sth ready (finish) etw fertig haben; (to hand) etw bereit haben

17. (induce)

▪ to \have sb do sth jdn [dazu] veranlassen, etw zu tun

▪ to \have sb/sth doing sth jdn/etw dazu bringen, etw zu tun

the film soon had us crying der Film brachte uns schnell zum Weinen

Guy'll \have it working in no time Guy wird es im Handumdrehen zum Laufen bringen

18. (request)

▪ to \have sb do sth jdn [darum] bitten, etw zu tun

I'll \have the secretary run you off a copy for you ich werde von der Sekretärin eine Kopie für Sie anfertigen lassen

19. (find)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sb/sth jdn/etw [gefunden] haben

20. (place)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sb/sth somewhere jdn/etw irgendwo haben

she had her back to me sie lag/saß/stand mit dem Rücken zu mir

21. (hold)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sb/sth by sth:

she had the dog by the ears sie hielt den Hund fest an den Ohren

to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sb by the throat jdn bei [o an] der Kehle [o Gurgel] gepackt haben

22. (fam!: have sex with)

▪ to \have sb mit jdm Sex haben

how many men have you had? wie viele Männer hast du gehabt?

23. ( fam: deceive)

£80 for a CD? you've been had! 80 Pfund für eine CD? dich hat man ganz schön übern Tisch gezogen! fam

24. ( fam: confound)

▪ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS \have got] sb jdn in Verlegenheit bringen

the GNP of Greece? you \have me there das BSP von Griechenland? da hab ich nicht den leisesten Schimmer fam

25. esp AM ( fam: indulge)

▪ to \have oneself sth sich dat etw gönnen [o genehmen]

I think I'm going to have myself an ice cream Ich glaub', ich gönne mir ein Eis

don't worry about it anymore — just go and have yourself a nice little holiday mach dir mal keine Gedanken mehr darüber — genieße erstmal deinen Urlaub

26.

▶ to not \have any [of it] ( fam) nichts von etw dat wissen wollen

▶ to not \have sb/sth doing sth nicht erlauben [o zulassen], dass jd/etw etw tut

▶ to \have done with sth mit etw dat fertig sein

▶ to \have [got] it (find answer)

we \have it! wir haben es!

▶ to \have it that... (claim)

rumour has it that... es geht das Gerücht [um], dass...

▶ to have had it ( fam: be broken) hinüber sein fam, ausgedient haben; (be tired) fix und fertig sein fam; (be in serious trouble) dran fam [o sl geliefert] sein

if she finds out, you've had it! wenn sie es herausfindet, bist du dran [o ist der Ofen aus]! fam

▶ to have had it with sb/sth ( fam) von jdm/etw die Nase [gestrichen] voll haben fam, jdn/etw satthaben

I've had it with his childish behaviour! sein kindisches Benehmen steht mir bis hier oben!

▶ there's none to be had of sth etw ist nicht zu bekommen [o fam aufzutreiben]

there's no real Italian cheese to be had round here man bekommt hier nirgendwo echten italienischen Käse

▶ to not \have sth (not allow) etw nicht zulassen, [jdm] etw nicht abnehmen wollen

I won't \have it! kommt nicht infrage [o fam in die Tüte]!

I'm not having any squabbling in this house ich toleriere in diesem Haus keine Zankerei

I'm not having your behaviour spoil my party ich werde mir meine Feier durch dein Benehmen nicht verderben lassen

I wont have you insult my wife ich lasse es nicht zu, dass Sie meine Frau beleidigen

▶ to \have [or esp BRIT, AUS\have got] nothing on sb ( fam: be less able) gegen jdn nicht ankommen, mit jdm nicht mithalten können; (lack evidence) nichts gegen jdn in der Hand haben, keine Handhabe gegen jdn haben

he's a good player, but he's got nothing on his brother er spielt gut, aber seinem Bruder kann er noch lange nicht das Wasser reichen

▶ and what \have you ( fam) und wer weiß was noch fam

III. NOUN

( fam)

▪ the \haves pl die gut Betuchten fam, die Reichen

the \haves and the \have-nots die Besitzenden und die Besitzlosen

* * *
[hv] pret, ptp had, 3rd pers sing present has When have is part of a set combination, eg have a look, have a dream, have a good time, look up the noun.
1. AUXILIARY VERB

1) habenThe verb haben is the auxiliary used with most verbs to form past tenses in German. For important exceptions see (b).

to have seen/heard/eaten — gesehen/gehört/gegessen haben

I have/had seen — ich habe/hatte gesehen

I have not/had not or I haven't/I hadn't seen him — ich habe/hatte ihn nicht gesehen

had I seen him, if I had seen him — hätte ich ihn gesehen, wenn ich ihn gesehen hätte

having said that he left — nachdem or als er das gesagt hatte, ging er Note the tenses used in the following:

I have lived or have been living here for 10 years/since January — ich wohne or lebe schon 10 Jahre/seit Januar hier

2) seinThe verb sein is used with verbs of motion, eg. gehen, fahren, or verbs implying development, eg. wachsen, and to form past tenses.

to have gone/run — gegangen/gelaufen sein

you HAVE grown! — du bist aber gewachsen!

to have been — gewesen sein

I have been to London — ich bin in London gewesen

I have been against this for years — ich bin schon seit Jahren dagegen

3)

in tag questions etc you've seen her, haven't you? — du hast sie gesehen, oder nicht?

you haven't seen her, have you? — du hast sie nicht gesehen, oder?

you haven't seen her – yes, I have — du hast sie nicht gesehen – doch or wohl (inf)

you've made a mistake – no, I haven't — du hast einen Fehler gemacht – nein(, hab ich nicht)

you've dropped your book – so I have — dir ist dein Buch hingefallen – stimmt or tatsächlich

have you been there? if you have/haven't... — sind Sie schon mal da gewesen? wenn ja/nein or nicht,...

I have seen a ghost – have you? — ich habe ein Gespenst gesehen – wahrhaftig or tatsächlich?

I've lost it – you haven't! (disbelieving) — ich habe es verloren – nein!

2. MODAL AUXILIARY VERB
__diams; to have to do sth (= to be obliged) etw tun müssen
I have (got esp Brit) to do it — ich muss es tun or machen

do you have to go now? — müssen Sie jetzt (wirklich) unbedingt gehen?

do you have to make such a noise? — müssen Sie (unbedingt) so viel Lärm machen?

she was having to get up at 6 o'clock each morning — sie musste jeden Morgen um 6 Uhr aufstehen

we've had to go and see her twice this week — wir mussten diese Woche schon zweimal zu ihr (hin)

the letter will have to be written tomorrow — der Brief muss morgen unbedingt geschrieben werden

I'm afraid it has to be — das muss leider sein

it's got to be or it has to be the biggest scandal this year — das ist todsicher der (größte) Skandal des Jahres

I don't have to do it — ich muss es nicht tun, ich brauche es nicht zu tun

you didn't have to tell her — das mussten Sie ihr nicht unbedingt sagen, das hätten Sie ihr nicht unbedingt sagen müssen or brauchen

he doesn't have to work — er braucht nicht zu arbeiten, er muss nicht arbeiten

3. TRANSITIVE VERB

1) = possess haben

have you (got esp Brit) or do you have a car? — hast du ein Auto?

I haven't (got esp Brit) or I don't have a pen —

to have something/nothing to do — etwas/nichts zu tun haben

I have (got esp Brit) work/a translation to do — ich habe zu arbeiten/eine Übersetzung zu erledigen

I must have more time —

have you (got esp Brit) or do you have a cigarette? — hast du (mal) eine Zigarette?

I don't have any German (Brit) —

she has (got esp Brit) blue eyes — sie hat blaue Augen

I have it! — ich habs!

what time do you have? (US) — wie viel Uhr hast du? (inf), wie spät hast du es?

2) = receive, obtain, get haben

to have news from sb — von jdm hören

I have it on good authority that... — ich habe aus zuverlässiger Quelle gehört or erfahren, dass...

I must have something to eat — ich brauche etwas zu essen, ich muss dringend etwas zu essen haben

there are no newspapers to be had —

it's nowhere to be had — es ist nirgends zu haben or kriegen (inf)

there are some great bargains to be had in the shops — in den Geschäften gibt es tolle Angebote

I'll have the bed in this room — das Bett möchte or werde ich in dieses Zimmer stellen

thanks for having me — vielen Dank für Ihre Gastfreundschaft __diams; to let sb have sth

please let me have your address I'll let you have it for £50 — geben Sie mir bitte Ihre Adresse ich gebe es dir für £ 50

3)

= eat, drink, take to have breakfast — frühstücken

to have lunch/dinner — zu Mittag/Abend essen

to have tea with sb — mit jdm (zusammen) Tee trinken

will you have tea or coffee? — möchten Sie lieber Tee oder Kaffee?

will you have a drink/cigarette? — möchten Sie etwas zu trinken/eine Zigarette?

what will you have? – I'll have the steak — was möchten or hätten Sie gern(e)? – ich hätte or möchte gern das Steak

he had a cigarette/drink/steak —

will you have some more? — möchten Sie or hätten Sie gern(e) (noch etwas) mehr?

have another one — nimm noch eine/einen/eines; (drink) trink noch einen; (cigarette) rauch noch eine

4) = catch, hold (gepackt) haben

me by the throat/the hair — er hatte or hielt mich am Hals/bei den Haaren gepackt

him where I want him —

the champion had him now — der Meister hatte ihn jetzt fest im Griff or in der Tasche (inf)

I'll have you (inf) — dich krieg ich (beim Kragen)

you have me there — da bin ich überfragt

5)

= suffer from he has diabetes — er ist zuckerkrank, er hat Zucker (inf)

to have a heart attack — einen Herzinfarkt bekommen

a headache — ich habe Kopfschmerzen

6)

= experience to have a pleasant evening — einen netten Abend verbringen

to have a good time — Spaß haben, sich amüsieren

have a good time! — viel Spaß!

7) = hold, organize party geben, machen; meeting abhalten

are you having a reception? — gibt es einen Empfang?

we decided not to have a reception — wir haben uns gegen einen Empfang entschieden

8)

= go for to have a walk — einen Spaziergang machen, spazieren gehen

to have a swim — schwimmen gehen

9)

= give birth to to have a child or baby —

she is having a baby in April she had twins — sie bekommt or kriegt (inf) im April ein Kind sie hat Zwillinge bekommen or geboren or gekriegt (inf)

our cat has had kittens — unsere Katze hat Junge gekriegt (inf) or bekommen

10)

= cause to be I had him in such a state that... — er war in einer solchen Verfassung, dass...

he had the audience in hysterics — das Publikum kugelte sich vor Lachen

he had the police baffled —

she nearly had the table over (Brit) — sie hätte den Tisch beinahe umgekippt or zum Umkippen gebracht

11)

= maintain, insist as he has it, Paul is guilty — er besteht darauf, dass Paul schuldig ist

as he had it, Paul isn't guilty — er wollte nichts davon hören, dass Paul schuldig ist

has it —

as the Bible/Shakespeare has it — wie es in der Bibel/bei Shakespeare steht

12)

= refuse to allow in negative sentences I won't have this nonsense — dieser Unsinn kommt (mir) nicht infrage or in Frage!

I won't have this sort of rudeness! —

I won't have it! — das lasse ich mir nicht bieten!

I won't have him insulted —

I won't have him insult his mother — ich lasse es nicht zu, dass er seine Mutter beleidigt

we won't have women in our club — in unserem Klub sind Frauen nicht zugelassen

I'm not having any of that! (inf) — mit mir nicht! (inf)

but she wasn't having any (inf) — aber sie wollte nichts davon wissen

13) = wish mögen

which one will you have? —

as fate would have it,... — wie es das Schicksal so wollte,...

what would you have me do? — was wollen Sie, dass ich mache?

14) set structures __diams; to have sth done = request, order etw tun lassen

to have one's hair cut — sich (dat) die Haare schneiden lassen

to have a suit made — sich (dat) einen Anzug machen lassen

I had my cases brought up — ich habe (mir) meine Koffer nach oben bringen lassen

have it mended — geben Sie es in Reparatur, lassen Sie es reparieren

they had him shot — sie ließen ihn erschießen

he had his car stolen — man hat ihm sein Auto gestohlen

he had his arm broken — er hat/hatte einen gebrochenen Arm

I've had three windows broken — (bei) mir sind drei Fenster eingeworfen worden __diams; to have sb do sth = make them do

I had him wash the car — ich ließ ihn den Wagen waschen

I'll have you know... — Sie müssen nämlich wissen...

I had my friends turn against me — ich musste es erleben, wie or dass sich meine Freunde gegen mich wandten

she had us all helping with the dinner — nach ihrer Ermunterung halfen wir alle mit dem Abendessen

she soon had them all reading and writing — dank ihres Engagements konnten alle schon bald lesen und schreiben __diams; to have had it

he has had it with politics — er hat von der Politik die Nase voll (inf)

that coat has had it — der Mantel ist im Eimer (inf)

if I miss the last bus, I've had it — wenn ich den letzten Bus verpasse, bin ich geliefert (inf) or ist der Ofen aus (inf) __diams; let him have it! (inf) gibs ihm! (inf) __diams; have it your own way machen Sie es or halten Sie es, wie Sie wollen __diams; to be had ( inf

you've been had! — da hat man dich übers Ohr gehauen (inf)

* * *

have [hæv; unbetont həv, əv]

A s

1. the haves and the have-nots die Begüterten und die Habenichtse, die Reichen und die Armen

2. Br umg Trick m

B v/t prät und pperf had [hæd], 2. sg präs obs hast [hæst], 3. sg präs has [hæz], obs hath [hæθ], 2. sg prät obs hadst [hædst]

1. allg haben, besitzen:

he has a house (a friend, a good memory);

we can’t have everything man kann nicht alles haben;

you have my word for it ich gebe Ihnen mein Wort darauf;

I had the whole road to myself ich hatte die ganze Straße für mich allein;

I wouldn’t have it if you gave it to me das nähme ich nicht (mal) geschenkt; → get B 10 a

2. haben, erleben:

we had a fine time wir hatten viel Spaß, wir hatten es schön

3. a) ein Kind bekommen

b) ZOOL Junge werfen

4. behalten:

can I have it?; → honor B 2

5. Gefühle, einen Verdacht etc haben, hegen

6. Nachrichten etc erhalten, bekommen ( beide:

from von):

(not) to be had (nicht) zu haben, (nicht) erhältlich

7. (erfahren) haben:

I have it from reliable sources ich habe es aus verlässlicher Quelle (erfahren);

I have it from my friend ich habe oder weiß es von meinem Freund

8. Speisen etc zu sich nehmen, einnehmen, essen oder trinken etc:

I had a glass of sherry ich trank ein Glas Sherry;

have another sandwich nehmen Sie noch ein Sandwich!;

what will you have? was nehmen Sie?;

have a cigar eine Zigarre rauchen; → breakfast A, dinner 1, etc

9. haben, ausführen, (mit)machen:

have a discussion eine Diskussion haben oder abhalten; → look A 1, try A 1, walk A 3, wash A 1

10. können, beherrschen:

she has no French sie kann nicht oder kein Französisch;

have sth by heart etwas auswendig können

11. (be)sagen, behaupten:

he will have it that … er behauptet steif und fest, dass …;

astrology has it that Taureons are … der Astrologie zufolge sind Stiere …; → rumor A 1

12. sagen, ausdrücken:

as Byron has it wie Byron sagt

13. umg erwischt haben:

he had me there da hatte er mich (an meiner schwachen Stelle) erwischt, da war ich überfragt

14. Br umg jemanden reinlegen:

you have been had man hat dich reingelegt oder übers Ohr gehauen

15. haben, dulden:

I will not ( oder won’t) have it ich dulde es nicht, ich will es nicht (haben);

I won’t have it mentioned ich will nicht, dass es erwähnt wird;

he wasn’t having any umg er ließ sich auf nichts ein;

thank you for having us bes Br vielen Dank für die schöne Zeit bei Ihnen; → none Bes Redew

16. haben, erleiden:

they had broken bones sie erlitten Knochenbrüche;

he had a shock er bekam einen Schock

17. (vor inf) müssen:

I have to go now;

he will have to do it er wird es tun müssen;

we have to obey wir haben zu oder müssen gehorchen;

it has to be done es muss getan werden; → get B 10 b

18. (mit Objekt und pperf) lassen:

I had a suit made ich ließ mir einen Anzug machen;

they had him shot sie ließen ihn erschießen

19. mit Objekt und pperf zum Ausdruck des Passivs:

he had a son born to him ihm wurde ein Sohn geboren;

I’ve had some money stolen mir ist Geld gestohlen worden

20. (mit Objekt und inf) (veran)lassen:

have them come here at once lass sie sofort hierherkommen;

I had him sit down ich ließ ihn Platz nehmen

21. (mit Objekt und inf) es erleben, dass:

I had all my friends turn against me ich erlebte es oder ich musste es erleben, dass sich alle meine Freunde gegen mich wandten

22. ( nach will oder would mit akk und inf):

I would have you to know it ich möchte, dass Sie es wissen

23. würde, täte ( mit as well, rather, better, best etc):

I had rather go than stay ich möchte lieber gehen als bleiben;

you had best go du tätest am besten daran, zu gehen;

he better had das wäre das Beste(, was er tun könnte)

C v/i

1. obs eilen:

have after sb jemandem nacheilen

2. have at obs zu Leibe rücken (dat), sich hermachen über (akk)

3. they had until July 3 sie hatten bis zum 3. Juli Zeit

4. I have to ich muss;

do you have to? muss das sein?

D v/aux

1. haben:

I have seen ich habe gesehen

2. sein:

I have been ich bin gewesen Besondere Redewendungen: have and hold JUR US innehaben, besitzen;

I have it! ich habs! (ich habe die Lösung gefunden);

he has had it umg

a) er ist reingefallen,

b) er hat sein Fett (seine Strafe) weg,

c) er ist erledigt (auch tot) my car has had it umg mein Wagen ist im Eimer;

let sb have it es jemandem (tüchtig) geben oder besorgen, jemanden fertigmachen umg;

I didn’t know he had it in him ich wusste gar nicht, dass er dazu fähig ist oder dass er das Zeug dazu hat;

I have nothing against him personally ich habe nichts gegen ihn persönlich;

have nothing on sb umg

a) jemandem in keiner Weise überlegen sein,

b) nichts gegen jemanden in der Hand haben, jemandem nichts anhaben können have it (all) over sb umg jemandem (haushoch) überlegen sein;

he has it over me that … umg er ist mir insofern voraus, als …;

have what it takes das Zeug dazu haben; → do¹ B 9

* * *
1. transitive verb,
pres. he has, p.t. & p.p. had

1) (possess) haben

I have it! — ich hab's[!]

and what have you — (coll.) und so weiter

2) (obtain) bekommen

let's not have any... — lass uns... vermeiden

come on, let's have it! — (coll.) rück schon raus damit! (ugs.)

3) (take) nehmen

4) (keep) behalten; haben

5) (eat, drink, etc.)

have breakfast/dinner/lunch — frühstücken/zu Abend/zu Mittag essen

6) (experience) haben [Spaß, Vergnügen]

7) (suffer) haben [Krankheit, Schmerz, Enttäuschung, Abenteuer]; (show) haben [Güte, Freundlichkeit, Frechheit]

8) (engage in)

have a game of football — Fußball spielen

9) (accept)

I won't have it — das lasse ich mir nicht bieten

10) (give birth to) bekommen

11) (coll.): (swindle)

I was had — ich bin [he]reingelegt worden (ugs.)

ever been had! — da bist du ganz schön reingefallen (ugs.)

12) (know)

I have it on good authority that... — ich weiß es aus zuverlässiger Quelle, dass...

13) (as guest)

have somebody to stay — jemanden zu Besuch haben

14) (summon)

he had me into his office — er hat mich in sein Büro beordert

15) (in coll. phrases)

you've had it now — (coll.) jetzt ist es aus (ugs.)

this car/dress has had it — (coll.) dieser Wagen/dieses Kleid hat ausgedient
2. auxiliary verb,
he has, had

1) forming past tenses

I have/I had read — ich habe/hatte gelesen

I have/I had gone — ich bin/war gegangen

having seen him — (because) weil ich ihn gesehen habe/hatte; (after) wenn ich ihn gesehen habe/nachdem ich ihn gesehen hatte

if I had known... — wenn ich gewusst hätte...

2) (cause to be)

have something made/repaired — etwas machen/reparieren lassen

have the painters in — die Maler haben

have somebody do something — jemanden etwas tun lassen

have a tooth extracted — sich (Dat.) einen Zahn ziehen lassen

3)

she had her purse stolen — man hat ihr das Portemonnaie gestohlen

4) (expr. obligation)

have to — müssen

I only have to do the washing-up — ich muss nur noch den Abwasch machen

I have only to see him to feel annoyed — ich brauche ihn nur zu sehen, und ich ärgere mich

he has to be guilty — er ist fraglos schuldig
3. noun
the haves and the have-nots — die Besitzenden und die Besitzlosen

Phrasal Verbs:

- have off

- have on

- have out

* * *

(a) temperature expr.

fiebern v. (take) pity on someone expr.

mit jemandem Mitleid haben ausdr. (to possess) v.

besitzen v. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: had)

= bekommen v.

haben v.

(§ p.,pp.: hatte, gehabt)

English-german dictionary > have
6 have

(to have or keep (something) in case or until it is needed: If you go to America please keep some money in reserve for your fare home.) ha i reserve

få
--------
godta
--------
ha
--------
måtte

I
subst. \/hæv\/

1) ( hverdagslig) bedrag, skuffelse

• what a have!

2) (hverdagslig, oftest i flertall) velstående mennesker, rike

the haves and the have-nots de rike og de fattige, de besittende og de eiendomsløse
II
verb ( had - had) \/hæv\/, trykksvakt: \/həv\/, \/əv\/, \/v\/

1) (som hjelpeverb, brukt sammen med perfektum partisipp av verbet til å danne formene perfektum, pluskvamperfektum, futurum og kondisjonalis) ha, være

• I have done it

• she had told her

• they will have gone to sleep by now

• he could have saved him, had he known

• have you heard her? yes, I have

2) ( også have got) ha, eie, inneha, besitte

• how many children do they have?

• she has blue eyes

• he has a good memory

3) ha, erfare, oppleve

• did you have a nice time?

hadde du det hyggelig

• I was having problems with my job

jeg hadde problemer på jobben

• did you have a good trip

gikk turen bra?

4) ( også have got) lide av, ha

• she has asthma

• he has gout

5) ha, nyte, få, oppnå, være i besittelse av

• she has very good health

6) ha, holde, arrangere

• I'm having a party tonight

• he has a meeting with them now

7) kunne, forstå, fatte, ha kunnskap i

• she has little latin

• I have (got) it!

nå har jeg det! \/ nå forstår jeg (hva du mener)!

8) nære, ha, gjøre seg, kjenne, vise, utøve, ta

• he had no fear

han kjente ingen frykt \/ han var ikke redd

• have a special liking for

ha forkjærlighet for

9) gjøre, få (seg), ta (seg)

• have a walk

• do you have a bath every day?

10) få

• it is to be had at the stationer's

• I had a letter from him

11) la, få (til å)

• I had it done by an expert

• he needs to have his beard trimmed

12) spise, ta

• I'm having my dinner

• when do you usually have your dinner

• I have already had one!

jeg har allerede tatt en!

13) drikke, ta

• we had a cup of tea

• have some wine!

drikk litt vin!

14) få, føde

• she had a baby

15) ( hverdagslig) ha (over)taket på, ha tatt innersvingen på, slå, overvinne, beseire

• you have (got) me there!

der tok du meg! \/ der blir jeg deg svar skyldig!

16) lure, narre, snyte

• he is not easily had

han er ikke så lett å lure

17) (hverdagslig, oftest i passiv) ha samleie med

• she been had, and now she was pregnant

noen hadde ligget med henne, og nå var hun gravid

and\/or what have you ( hverdagslig) og det ene med det andre, og så videre, og gud vet hva

had it not been for hvis det ikke hadde vært for

• had it not been for Peter, the train would have derailed

hadde det ikke vært for Peter, ville toget ha sporet av

be had up bli stilt for retten

• he was had up for drunken driving

have a cold være forkjølet

have a hard time of it se ➢ time, 1

have a long arm se ➢ arm, 1

have at ( gammeldags) angripe, gå løs på

have got it bad(ly) være sterkt følelsesmessig påvirket, være svært forelsket

have had it ( slang) være ferdig, være ute med

• he's had it

han er ferdig \/ det er ute med ham ha fått nok

• that's it, I've had it now!

have in ha i huset

• do we have enough coal in for winter?

have it påstå, hevde, ha det til, si

• as Byron has it

som det står hos Byron

• he will have it that...

han påstår at... \/ han vil ha det til at...

• he will not have it that...

han vil ikke erkjenne at...

(med prep. og adv.) ha noe i seg, kunne noe, ha tæl

• I didn't think he had it in him

det hadde jeg ikke trodd om ham \/ jeg visste ikke at han var så dyktig

tillate

• I won't have it

jeg finner meg ikke i det \/ det vil jeg ha meg frabedt

• I'm not having you bossed about!

ingen skal få kommandere deg!

• I'm not having any!

det tror jeg ikke på! \/ det går jeg ikke med på! \/ det er ikke noe for meg

have it all together ( hverdagslig) ha orden på sakene, være velorganisert, ta seg sammen

• I promise you next week I'll have it all together

jeg lover deg at i neste uke skal jeg ha orden på sakene

have it coming ( hverdagslig) fortjene noe ubehagelig

have (got) it coming ha seg selv å takke, være svært forelsket

have it in for ha et horn i siden til

have it off\/away with someone (britisk, vulgært) ligge med noen, ha sex med noen

have it out with someone gjøre opp med noen, snakke ut med noen, ta et oppgjør med noen

have it over someone ha overtaket på noen

have nothing for it but to... ikke ha noe annet valg enn å...

have on ( om klær) ha på seg

• he had nothing on

ha planlagt, ha på agendaen

• I have nothing on this evening

jeg har ingenting fore i kveld \/ jeg har ingen planer for i kveld

have one on me! ta en drink, jeg spanderer!

have oneself (spesielt amer., hverdagslig) gi seg selv, unne seg selv

have regard to ta hensyn til

have somebody doing\/do something få se at noen gjør noe, få erfare at noen gjør noe

• we shall soon have them calling every day

have somebody do something la noen gjøre noe, få noen til å gjøre noe

• have your doctor examine her

• I had her learn English

• what would you have me do

hva vil dere at jeg skal gjøre?

• I won't have you playing in my room!

jeg vil ikke ha noe av at dere leker på rommet mitt!

have somebody down ha noen på besøk

• have somebody down for the weekend

have somebody in ta noen med hjem, invitere noen hjem

have somebody on ( hverdagslig) erte noen, lure noen, narre noen, drive ap med noen

have somebody up ha noen på besøk bringe noen for retten, stevne noen

have something done sørge for at noe blir gjort, se til at noe blir gjort, få noe gjort

• he had his garden weeded

han fikk luket hagen sin

• have one's hair cut

klippe seg \/ få klippet håret

• he is having his house repaired

han holder på å reparere huset \/ han får huset reparert

• he had his money stolen from him

han er blitt frastjålet pengene sine

have something one's own way gjøre som man (selv) vil, få viljen sin

have something on somebody ha noe på noen

• the police had nothing on him

have something to oneself beholde noe for seg selv, få være alene om noe

have the impudence to være frekk nok til å, være så frekk å

have time for ha tid til, få tid til

have to må(tte), være tvunget til å, få lov til å, behøve

• he had to pay £100

• he did not have to wait

• did you have to make a speech?

• I have to go

jeg må gå

• that will have to do

det får holde \/ det får være nok

let somebody have something la noen få noe, gi noen noe, selge noe til noen

• I'll let you have it for a pound

• let me have...

(vær så snill og) gi meg... \/ kan jeg få...

let someone have it (good and proper) la noen få på pukkelen, gi noen inn, gi noen det glatte lag

one had better... det er best at man..., man gjør klokest i å..., man gjøre lurest i å...

what will you have? hva skal det være?

English-Norwegian dictionary > have
7 have

[hæv, həv] aux vb <has, had, had>

1)

( indicates perfect tense) haben;

he has never been to Scotland before er war noch nie zuvor in Schottland gewesen;

we had been swimming wir waren schwimmen gewesen;

I've heard that story before ich hab' diese Geschichte schon einmal gehört;

I wish I'd bought it ich wünschte, ich hätte es gekauft;

\have we been invited? - yes we \have sind wir eingeladen worden? - ja, sind wir;

I've passed my test - \have you? congratulations! ich habe den Test bestanden - oh, wirklich? herzlichen Glückwunsch!;

they still hadn't had any news sie hatten immer noch keine Neuigkeiten

2) (experience, suffer)

to \have sth done etw erleiden [o erfahren];

she had her car stolen last week man hat ihr letzte Woche das Auto gestohlen;

she had a window smashed es wurde ihr eine Scheibe eingeschlagen;

( cause to be done) etw machen [o ( fam) tun] lassen;

we \have the house painted every three years wir lassen alle drei Jahre das Haus streichen;

to \have one's hair cut/ done/ dyed sich dat die Haare schneiden/machen/färben lassen

3) had sb known [sth],... ( form) hätte jd [das] gewusst,...;

had I known you were coming, I'd \have made dinner wenn ich gewusst hätte, dass ihr kommt, dann hätte ich Abendbrot gemacht vt <has, had, had>

1) (own, possess)

to \have [or (esp Brit, Aus) \have got] sth etw haben;

she's got two brothers sie hat zwei Brüder;

to \have a car/ dog ein Auto/einen Hund haben;

to \have a degree/ qualification einen Abschluss/eine Qualifikation haben;

to \have [a little] French/ German (dated) Grundkenntnisse pl in Französisch/Deutsch haben;

to \have a job einen Arbeitsplatz haben;

to \have a [current] driving licence einen gültigen Führerschein haben

2) ( suffer) illness, symptom etw haben;

to \have cancer/ polio Krebs/Polio haben, an Krebs/Polio erkrankt sein ( geh)

to \have a cold erkältet sein, eine Erkältung haben;

to \have a headache/ toothache Kopfschmerzen pl [o ( fam) Kopfweh nt]; /Zahnschmerzen pl [o ( fam) Zahnweh nt] haben

3) ( display) etw haben [o ( form) aufweisen];

I haven't any sympathy for this troublemaker ich empfinde keinerlei Mitleid mit diesem Unruhestifter;

at least she had the good sense to turn the gas off zumindest war sie so schlau, das Gas abzudrehen;

he had the gall to tell me that I was fat! hat er doch die Frechheit besessen, mir zu sagen, ich sei dick!;

to \have the decency to do sth die Anständigkeit besitzen, etw zu tun;

to \have blue eyes/ a big nose blaue Augen/eine große Nase haben;

to \have the honesty to do sth so ehrlich sein, etw zu tun;

to \have patience/ sympathy Geduld/Mitgefühl haben; idea, plan, reason, suggestion etw haben ( form);

\have you reason to think he'll refuse? haben Sie Grund zur Annahme, dass er ablehnen wird?;

(quality of food, wine) etw haben [o ( form) aufweisen];

this wine has a soft, fruity flavour dieser Wein schmeckt weich und fruchtig;

( obligation)

to \have sth to do etw tun [o erledigen] müssen;

I've got several texts to edit before Wednesday ich muss vor Mittwoch noch einige Texte redigieren

4) ( engage in activity)

to \have a bath [or wash] / shower ( fam) ein Bad/eine Dusche nehmen ( geh), baden/duschen;

to \have a nap [or snooze] ein Schläfchen [o Nickerchen] machen;

to \have a party eine Fete veranstalten;

to \have a swim schwimmen;

to \have a talk with sb mit jdm sprechen;

( argue) sich akk mit jdm aussprechen;

to \have a try es versuchen;

I'd like to \have a try ich würde es gern einmal probieren;

to \have a walk spazieren gehen, einen Spaziergang machen

5) (eat, drink)

to \have sth etw zu sich dat nehmen;

I'll \have the trout, please ich hätte gern die Forelle;

I haven't had shrimps in ages! ich habe schon ewig keine Shrimps mehr gegessen!;

\have some more coffee nimm doch noch etwas Kaffee;

we've got sausages for lunch today zum Mittagessen gibt es heute Würstchen;

to \have lunch/ dinner zu Mittag/Abend essen

6) ( give birth to)

to \have a child ein Kind bekommen;

my mother had three boys before she had me meine Mutter hat drei Jungen bekommen, bevor ich geboren wurde;

to be having a baby ( be pregnant) ein Baby bekommen, schwanger sein

7) ( receive)

I've just had a letter from John ich habe gerade erst einen Brief von John erhalten;

to \have news of sb Neuigkeiten von jdm erfahren;

( entertain)

my mother's having the children to stay next week die Kinder bleiben nächste Woche bei meiner Mutter;

we had his hamster for weeks wir haben wochenlang für seinen Hamster gesorgt;

they've got Ian's father staying with them Ians Vater ist bei ihnen zu Besuch;

to \have visitors Besuch haben;

to \have sb to visit jdn zu [o auf] Besuch haben;

to \have sb back ( resume relationship) jdn wieder [bei sich dat] aufnehmen;

they solved their problems, and she had him back sie haben ihre Probleme gelöst und sie ist wieder mit ihm zusammen;

to let sb \have sth back jdm etw zurückgeben

8) ( prepare)

to \have sth ready etw fertig haben;

to \have dinner/ lunch ready das Abendessen/Mittagessen fertig haben

9) ( cause to occur)

to \have sb/ sth do sth jdn/etw [dazu] veranlassen, etw zu tun;

to \have sb do sth jdn darum bitten, etw zu tun;

I'll \have the secretary run you off a copy for you ich werde von der Sekretärin eine Kopie für Sie anfertigen lassen;

I'll \have Bob give you a ride home ich werde Bob bitten, dich nach Hause zu fahren;

to \have sb doing sth jdn dazu bringen, etw zu tun;

the film soon had us crying der Film brachte uns schnell zum Weinen;

Guy'll \have it working in no time Guy wird es im Handumdrehen zum Laufen bringen

10) ( undergo experience)

we're having a wonderful time in Venice wir verbringen eine wundervolle Zeit in Venedig;

we didn't \have any difficulty finding the house wir hatten keinerlei Schwierigkeiten, das Haus zu finden;

she had her car stolen last week man hat ihr letzte Woche das Auto gestohlen;

\have a nice day/evening! viel Spaß!;

( said to departing customers) einen schönen Tag noch!;

to \have fun/ luck Spaß/Glück haben

11) ( obligation)

to \have [or \have got] to do sth etw tun müssen;

what time \have we got to be there? wann müssen wir dort sein?;

do we \have to finish this today? müssen wir das heute fertig bekommen?;

I'm not going back there unless I absolutely \have to ich gehe nicht dorthin zurück, wenn ich nicht unbedingt muss;

come on now, put your toys away - oh, Dad, do I \have to? komm jetzt, leg deine Spielsachen weg - oh, Papa, muss ich wirklich?

12) (fam!: have sex with)

to \have sb mit jdm Sex haben;

he asked me how many men I'd had er fragte mich, wie viele Männer ich gehabt habe

13) (fam: trick)

to \have sb jdn auf den Arm nehmen [o ( fam) verkohlen] [o ( fam) veräppeln];

PHRASES:

to \have nothing on sb (fam: not be as talented) gegen jdn nicht ankommen, mit jdm nicht mithalten können;

he's a good player, but he's got nothing on his brother er spielt gut, aber seinem Bruder kann er noch lange nicht das Wasser reichen;

( lack evidence) nichts gegen jdn in der Hand haben, keine Handhabe gegen jdn haben;

to \have the time ( know what the time is) die Uhrzeit haben, wissen, wie spät [o wie viel Uhr] es ist;

\have you got the time? kannst du mir die Uhrzeit sagen?;

( have enough time) Zeit haben;

will you \have time to finish the report today? reicht es Ihnen, den Bericht heute noch zu Ende zu schreiben?;

to not \have any [of it] ( fam) nichts von etw dat wissen wollen ( fam)

the girls tried to explain everything but Mrs Jones wasn't having any of it die Mädchen wollten alles erklären, aber Mrs. Jones wollte nichts davon hören;

to not \have sth ( not allow) etw nicht zulassen;

I won't \have it! kommt nicht in Frage [o ( fam) in die Tüte] !;

( not believe) etw nicht glauben wollen, [jdm] etw nicht abnehmen wollen;

I kept telling him you were French, but he wouldn't \have it ich habe ihm die ganze Zeit gesagt, dass du Franzose bist, aber er hat es nicht glauben wollen;

to not \have sth/sb doing sth nicht erlauben [o ( geh) zulassen], dass etw/jd etw tut;

I can't \have you doing the hoovering in my house, you're my guest! ich kann doch nicht zulassen, dass du bei mir staubsaugst, du bist schließlich mein Gast!;

to \have done with sth mit etw dat fertig sein;

to \have it in for sb ( fam) es auf jdn abgesehen haben ( fam), jdn auf dem Kieker haben (sl, fam)

to \have it in one das Zeug[s] zu etw dat haben;

her speech was really funny, I didn't think she had it in her! ihre Rede war echt witzig, ich hätte nicht gedacht, dass sie das Zeug dazu hat!;

to \have had it (fam: be broken) hinüber sein ( fam), ausgedient haben;

the old vacuum cleaner has had it der alte Staubsauger hat den Geist aufgegeben;

( be in serious trouble) geliefert [o (sl) dran] sein ( fam)

if she finds out about what you've done, you've \have it! wenn sie herausfindet, was du getan hast, ist der Ofen aus! ( fam)

to \have had it with sb/ sth ( fam) von jdm/etw die Nase [gestrichen] voll haben ( fam), jdn/etw satthaben;

I've had it with his childish behaviour! sein kindisches Benehmen steht mir bis hier oben!;

there's none to be had of sth etw ist nicht zu bekommen [o ( fam) aufzutreiben];

there's no real Italian cheese to be had round here man bekommt hier nirgendwo echten italienischen Käse n ( fam);

the \haves pl die gut Betuchten, die Reichen;

the \haves and the \have-nots die Besitzenden und die Besitzlosen

English-German students dictionary > have
8 fair

I feə adjective
1) (light-coloured; with light-coloured hair and skin: fair hair; Scandinavian people are often fair.) rubio, claro, blanco

2) (just; not favouring one side: a fair test.) justo, equitativo

3) ((of weather) fine; without rain: a fair afternoon.) bueno

4) (quite good; neither bad nor good: Her work is only fair.) regular

5) (quite big, long etc: a fair size.) considerable

6) (beautiful: a fair maiden.) bello

•

- fairness
- fairly
- fair play
II feə noun
1) (a collection of entertainments that travels from town to town: She won a large doll at the fair.) feria

2) (a large market held at fixed times: A fair is held here every spring.) mercado, feria

3) (an exhibition of goods from different countries, firms etc: a trade fair.) feria

fair¹ adj

1. justo

it's not fair! ¡no es justo!

2. rubio / blanco

fair hair pelo rubio

fair skin piel blanca

fair² n feria / parque de atracciones

let's go to the fair! ¡vamos a la feria!

fair

tr[feə^SMALLr/SMALL]

adjective

1 (just) justo,-a, equitativo,-a; (impartial) imparcial; (reasonable) razonable

■ it's not fair no es justo, no hay derecho

■ that's a fair question es una pregunta razonable

■ they gave him a fair trial tuvo un juicio justo

2 (considerable) considerable

■ there were a fair number of people había bastante gente

3 (idea, guess, etc) bastante bueno,-a, más o menos acertado,-a

■ I had a fair idea of what was going on tenía bastante idea de lo que sucedía

4 (average) regular

5 (weather) bueno,-a

6 (hair) rubio,-a; (skin) blanco,-a

7 formal use bello,-a

■ the fair sex el bello sexo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

a fair crack of the whip una buena oportunidad

by fair means or foul por las buenas o por las malas

by one's own fair hand con las propias manos

fair and square (sincerely) sinceramente, francamente 2 (directly) directamente, claramente 3 (correctly) honradamente

fair enough (okay) de acuerdo, vale 2 (true) muy bien

fair to middling regular

fair's fair! ¡por favor!, ¡ya está bien!

to have (more than) one's fair share of something tener (más de) lo que le corresponde a uno,-a

to play fair jugar limpio

fair copy copia en limpio

fair game presa fácil, blanco de burlas

fair play juego limpio

fair rent alquiler nombre masculino razonable

————————

fair

tr[feə^SMALLr/SMALL]

noun

1 (market) mercado, feria

2 (show) feria; (funfair) parque nombre masculino de atracciones

fair ['fær] adj

1) attractive, beautiful: bello, hermoso, atractivo

2) (relating to weather) : bueno, despejado

fair weather: tiempo despejado

3) just: justo, imparcial

4) allowable: permisible

5) blond, light: rubio (dícese del pelo), blanco (dícese de la tez)

6) adequate: bastante, adecuado

fair to middling: mediano, regular

7)

fair game : presa f fácil

8)

to play fair : jugar limpio

fair n

: feria f

fair

adj.

• bello, -a adj.

• bueno, -a adj.

• enderezado, -a adj.

• equitativo, -a adj.

• honesto, -a adj.

• honrado, -a adj.

• imparcial adj.

• justiciero, -a adj.

• justo, -a adj.

• probo, -a adj.

• razonable adj.

• rubio, -a adj.

adv.

• directamente adv.

• justamente adv.

n.

• feria s.f.

I fer, feə(r)
adjective -er, -est

1) ( just) <person/decision> justo, imparcial; <contest/election> limpio

come on, now: fair's fair — vamos, seamos justos or lo justo es justo

by fair means or foul — por las buenas o por las malas

fair enough — bueno, está bien

I've had my fair share of problems recently — ya he tenido bastantes problemas últimamente

to be fair ON o TO somebody: it's not fair to her to expect her to do it no es justo pretender que lo haga ella; that wouldn't be fair on the others eso no sería justo para los demás; fair and square: he won fair and square ganó en buena ley or con todas las de la ley; all's fair in love and war — en el amor y en la guerra todo vale

2) < hair> rubio, güero (Méx), mono (Col), catire (Ven); < skin> blanco

3) ( beautiful) (liter) hermoso, bello

the fair sex — (hum) el bello sexo (hum)

with my own fair hands — (esp BrE hum) con estas dos manitas

4)

a) ( quite good) <work/essay> pasable, aceptable

we have a fair chance of winning — tenemos bastantes posibilidades de ganar

doctors say her condition is fair — los médicos opinan que su estado es satisfactorio

fair to middling — (colloq & hum)

how are you? - fair to middling — ¿qué tal estás? - voy tirando or (Méx) ahí la llevo or (Col, Ven) ahí, llevándola (fam)

b) ( considerable) (before n) <number/amount> bueno

5) ( Meteo) ( of weather)

the weather tomorrow will be fair — mañana va a hacer buen tiempo

II

adverb ( impartially) < play> limpio, limpiamente

III

noun

1) ( market) feria f; ( trade fair) feria f or exposición f industrial/comercial; ( bazaar) feria f ( con fines benéficos)

2) ( funfair) (BrE) feria f

I [fɛǝ(r)]
1. ADJ
(compar fairer) (superl fairest)
1) (=just) [person, treatment, wage, exchange] justo; [decision, report, hearing] imparcial; [comment] razonable, válido; [sample] representativo; [price] justo, razonable; [deal] justo, equitativo; [fight, election] limpio; [competition] leal

that's fair comment — esa es una observación razonable or válida

it's not fair! — ¡no es justo!, ¡no hay derecho!

it's not fair to expect you to wash up — no es justo pretender que friegues

it's fair to say that... — es cierto que..., lo cierto es que...

• be fair, darling, it's not their fault — sé justo or razonable, cariño, no es culpa suya

to be fair... — (=truth to tell) a decir verdad..., en honor a la verdad...; (=not to be unjust) para ser justo...

• fair enough! — ¡vale!, ¡muy bien!

• fair's fair, it's my turn now — vale ya or ya basta, ahora me toca a mí

• fair game — (fig) blanco m legítimo

• it's not fair on the old — es injusto or no es justo para (con) los ancianos

• it's only fair that... — lo más justo sería que...

as is only fair — como es justo

• fair play — (in game) juego m limpio

sense of fair play — (fig) sentido m de la justicia

• she's had more than her fair share of problems in life — ha pasado mucho or lo suyo en la vida

they are not paying their fair share — no están pagando la cantidad que les corresponde or que les toca

• to be fair to sb — ser justo con algn

that's not true, you're not being fair to him — eso no es verdad, no estás siendo justo con él

• fair trade — comercio m justo

- by fair means or foul

- all's fair in love and war

2) (=reasonable, average) [work] pasable, regular

• she has a fair chance — tiene bastantes posibilidades

you've got to give him a fair chance — le tienes que dar una oportunidad con todas las de la ley

• I have a fair idea of what to expect — sé más o menos qué esperar

• fair to middling — regular

"how are you?" - "fair to middling" — -¿qué tal estás? -regular

• he's been given fair warning — no puede decir que no se le ha avisado

3) (=quite large) [sum, speed] considerable

• a fair amount of — bastante

• this happens in a fair number of cases — esto sucede en bastantes casos

• we've still got a fair way to go — aún nos queda un buen trecho que recorrer

4) (=pale, light-coloured) [hair, person] rubio, güero (Mex); [complexion, skin] blanco, güero (Mex)

5) (=fine, good) [weather] bueno

if it's fair tomorrow — si hace buen tiempo mañana

• fair copy — copia f en limpio

to make a fair copy of sth — hacer una copia en limpio de algo, pasar algo en limpio

his legal career seemed set fair — su carrera como abogado parecía tener el éxito asegurado

- in fair weather or foul

6) liter (=beautiful) bello, hermoso

this fair city of ours — esta bella ciudad nuestra

the fair sex — el bello sexo

2. ADV

1)

• to play fair — jugar limpio

• to win fair and square — ganar con todas las de la ley

it hit the target fair and square — dio justo en el centro del blanco

2) † * (=positively) verdaderamente

we were fair terrified — estábamos verdaderamente asustados

it fair took my breath away — te/os juro que me dejó sin habla *

II

[fɛǝ(r)]
N
1) (=market) feria f

antiques/craft fair — feria f de antigüedades/artesanía

book fair — feria f del libro
trade 4.
2) (Brit) (=funfair) parque m de atracciones
STATE FAIR En todos los estados de EE.UU. se celebra una feria en otoño llamada state fair a la que acude gran cantidad de gente de todo el estado. Estas ferias son generalmente agrícolas y en ellas se celebran concursos de animales y productos del campo, de gastronomía y de artesanía. También se organizan juegos y se instalan stands en los que fabricantes y comerciantes hacen demostraciones de sus productos. La feria más grande de todo el país es la Feria de Texas, que se celebra cada octubre en Dallas.
* * *

I [fer, feə(r)]
adjective -er, -est

1) ( just) <person/decision> justo, imparcial; <contest/election> limpio

come on, now: fair's fair — vamos, seamos justos or lo justo es justo

by fair means or foul — por las buenas o por las malas

fair enough — bueno, está bien

I've had my fair share of problems recently — ya he tenido bastantes problemas últimamente

to be fair ON o TO somebody: it's not fair to her to expect her to do it no es justo pretender que lo haga ella; that wouldn't be fair on the others eso no sería justo para los demás; fair and square: he won fair and square ganó en buena ley or con todas las de la ley; all's fair in love and war — en el amor y en la guerra todo vale

2) < hair> rubio, güero (Méx), mono (Col), catire (Ven); < skin> blanco

3) ( beautiful) (liter) hermoso, bello

the fair sex — (hum) el bello sexo (hum)

with my own fair hands — (esp BrE hum) con estas dos manitas

4)

a) ( quite good) <work/essay> pasable, aceptable

we have a fair chance of winning — tenemos bastantes posibilidades de ganar

doctors say her condition is fair — los médicos opinan que su estado es satisfactorio

fair to middling — (colloq & hum)

how are you? - fair to middling — ¿qué tal estás? - voy tirando or (Méx) ahí la llevo or (Col, Ven) ahí, llevándola (fam)

b) ( considerable) (before n) <number/amount> bueno

5) ( Meteo) ( of weather)

the weather tomorrow will be fair — mañana va a hacer buen tiempo

II

adverb ( impartially) < play> limpio, limpiamente

III

noun

1) ( market) feria f; ( trade fair) feria f or exposición f industrial/comercial; ( bazaar) feria f ( con fines benéficos)

2) ( funfair) (BrE) feria f

English-spanish dictionary > fair
9 Artificial Intelligence

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inﬂated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins ﬂy? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can ﬂy, so robins probably can ﬂy."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
10 way

way [weɪ]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. noun

2. adverb

3. compounds

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. noun

   a. ( = route) chemin m

• to ask the way demander son chemin (to pour aller à)

• we went the wrong way nous avons pris le mauvais chemin

• a piece of bread went down the wrong way j'ai (or il a etc) avalé de travers

• we met several people on the way nous avons rencontré plusieurs personnes en chemin

• to lose one's way se perdre

• to make one's way towards... se diriger vers...

• he had to make his own way in Hollywood il a dû se faire sa place à Hollywood

► the way to ( = route to)

can you tell me the way to the tourist office? pouvez-vous m'indiquer le chemin du syndicat d'initiative ?

• I know the way to the station je sais comment aller à la gare

• on the way to London we met... en allant à Londres nous avons rencontré...

• it's on the way to the station c'est sur le chemin de la gare► to be on the way ( = to be coming)

he's on his way il arrive

• more snow is on the way d'autres chutes de neige sont prévues

• she's got twins, and another baby on the way (inf) elle a des jumeaux, et un bébé en route (inf)► the/one's way back/down

• on the way back he met... en revenant il a rencontré...

• he made his way back to the car il est retourné vers la voiture

• I met her on the way down je l'ai rencontrée en descendant

• inflation is on the way down l'inflation est en baisse► the way forward

• they held a meeting to discuss the way forward ils ont organisé une réunion pour discuter de la marche à suivre

• is monetary union the way forward? l'union monétaire est-elle la voie du progrès ?► the way in

• I saw her on the way in je l'ai vue à l'entrée► the way out la sortie

• I'll find my own way out ne vous dérangez pas, je trouverai (bien) la sortie

• you'll see it on the way out vous le verrez en sortant

• there's no other way out il n'y a pas d'autre solution

• there is no way out of this difficulty il n'y a pas moyen d'éviter cette difficulté► a way round

• we're trying to find a way round it nous cherchons un moyen d'éviter ce problème

   b. ( = path) their way was blocked by police la police leur barrait le passage

• to push one's way through a crowd se frayer un chemin à travers une foule

• he tried to talk his way out of it il a essayé de s'en sortir avec de belles paroles

► in the/sb's way

• to be in the way (physically) barrer le passage ; (causing problems) gêner

• am I in your way? est-ce que je vous empêche de passer ?

• to put difficulties in sb's way créer des difficultés à qn► out of the/sb's way

• to get out of the way s'écarter

• (get) out of the or my way! laisse-moi passer !

• to keep out of sb's way ( = avoid them) éviter qn

• as soon as I've got the exams out of the way (inf) dès que les examens seront finis

• I'll take you home, it's not out of my way je vous ramènerai, c'est sur mon chemin

• he went out of his way to help us il s'est donné du mal pour nous aider► to make way for

• they made way for the ambulance ils se sont rangés pour laisser passer l'ambulance

• this made way for a return to democracy ceci a ouvert la voie au rétablissement de la démocratie

   c. ( = distance) a little way off pas très loin

• he stood some way off il se tenait à l'écart

• is it far? -- yes, it's a quite a way (inf) c'est loin ? -- oui, il y a un bon bout de chemin (inf)

• to be a long way away être loin

• that's a long way from the truth c'est loin d'être vrai

• is it finished? -- not by a long way! est-ce terminé ? -- loin de là !

• they've come a long way (figurative) ils ont fait du chemin

• we've got a long way to go (long journey) nous avons beaucoup de chemin à faire ; ( = still far from our objective) nous ne sommes pas au bout de nos peines ; ( = not got enough) nous sommes encore loin du compte

• this spice is expensive, but a little goes a long way cette épice est chère mais on n'a pas besoin d'en mettre beaucoup

• it should go a long way towards improving relations between the two countries cela devrait améliorer considérablement les relations entre les deux pays

► all the way ( = the whole distance)

he had to walk all the way (to the hospital) il a dû faire tout le chemin à pied (jusqu'à l'hôpital)

• he talked all the way to the theatre il a parlé pendant tout le chemin jusqu'au théâtre

• I'm with you all the way (inf) ( = entirely agree) je suis entièrement d'accord avec vous

• I'll be with you all the way ( = will back you up) je vous soutiendrai jusqu'au bout

   d. ( = direction) are you going my way? est-ce que vous allez dans la même direction que moi ?

• he went that way il est parti par là

• which way did he go? dans quelle direction est-il parti ?

• which way do we go from here? (which direction) par où allons-nous maintenant ? ; (what shall we do) qu'allons-nous faire maintenant ?

• he looked the other way il a regardé ailleurs

• he ran this way and that il courait dans tous les sens

• there aren't many parks round our way (inf) il n'y a pas beaucoup de parcs par chez nous

• it's out or over Oxford way (inf) c'est du côté d'Oxford

• the loot was split three ways le butin a été divisé en trois

   e. ( = manner) façon f

• this/that way comme ceci/cela

• what an odd way to behave! quelle drôle de façon de se comporter !

• to do sth the right/wrong way bien/mal faire qch

• do it your own way fais comme tu veux

• everyone helped one way or another tout le monde a aidé d'une façon ou d'une autre

• he has his own way of doing things il a une façon bien à lui de faire les choses

• way to go! (inf!) bravo !

• that's just the way he is il est comme ça, c'est tout

• it's just the way things are c'est la vie !

• to get or have one's own way en faire à son idée

• I won't let him have things all his own way je ne vais pas le laisser faire tout ce qu'il veut

• you can't have it both ways il faut choisir

• there are no two ways about it (inf) il n'y a pas à tortiller (inf)

• your jersey is the wrong way out ton pull est à l'envers

• he didn't hit her, it was the other way round ce n'est pas lui qui l'a frappée, c'est le contraire

• "this way up" « haut »

• the right way up dans le bon sens

• the wrong way up à l'envers

► in a big way (inf)

he furthered my career in a big way il a beaucoup contribué à faire progresser ma carrière

• soccer is taking off in the States in a big way le football connaît un véritable essor aux États-Unis► no way! (inf) pas question !

• no way am I doing that (il n'est) pas question que je fasse ça

• I'm not paying, no way! je refuse de payer, un point c'est tout !

• will you come? -- no way! tu viens ? -- pas question !

• there's no way that's champagne! ce n'est pas possible que ce soit du champagne !

   f. ( = method, technique) solution f

• the best way is to put it in the freezer for ten minutes le mieux, c'est de le mettre au congélateur pendant dix minutes

• we'll find a way of doing it nous trouverons bien un moyen de le faire

• that's the way to do it voilà comment il faut faire

• that's the way! (inf) voilà, c'est bien !

► to have a way with

• he has a way with people il sait s'y prendre avec les gens

• he has a way with cars il s'y connaît en voitures

• to have a way with words manier les mots avec bonheur

   g. ( = situation, nature) that's always the way c'est toujours comme ça

• it's the way of the world! ainsi va le monde !

• to be in a bad way (inf) aller mal

   h. ( = habit) to get into/out of the way of doing sth prendre/perdre l'habitude de faire qch

• don't be offended, it's just his way ne vous vexez pas, il est comme ça, c'est tout

• I know his little ways je connais ses petites habitudes

• they didn't like his pretentious ways ils n'aimaient pas ses manières prétentieuses

• to mend one's ways s'amender

   i. ( = respect, particular) in some ways à certains égards

• in more ways than one à plus d'un titre

• he's right in a way il a raison dans un certain sens

• he's in no way to blame ce n'est vraiment pas de sa faute

• "I'm superstitious", she said by way of explanation « je suis superstitieuse », dit-elle en guise d'explication

• what is there in the way of kitchen utensils? qu'est-ce qu'il y a comme ustensiles de cuisine ?

2. adverb

• way down below tout en bas

• way up in the sky très haut dans le ciel

• you're way out in your calculations (inf) tu as fait une grosse erreur dans tes calculs

• it's way too big c'est beaucoup trop grand

• it's way past your bedtime ça fait longtemps que tu devrais être au lit

3. compounds

► way of life noun mode m de vie

• the French way of life le mode de vie des Français

• such shortages are a way of life de telles pénuries font partie de la vie de tous les jours ► way-out (inf) adjective excentrique

► ways and means plural noun moyens mpl ( of doing sth de faire qch)

► way station noun (US) petite gare f ; (figurative = stage) étape f

* * *
[weɪ] 1.
noun

1) (route, road) chemin m ( from de; to à)

to live over the way — (colloq) habiter en face

the quickest way to town — le chemin le plus court pour aller en ville

if we go this way — si nous prenons cette route

to ask the way to — demander le chemin pour aller à

how did that find its way in here? — comment est-ce que c'est arrivé ici?

the way ahead — lit le chemin devant moi/eux etc

the way ahead looks difficult — fig l'avenir s'annonce difficile

there is no way around the problem — il n'y a pas moyen de contourner le problème

on the way back — sur le chemin du retour

on the way back from the meeting — en revenant de la réunion

the way forward — fig la clé de l'avenir

the way in — l'entrée (to de)

‘way in’ — ‘entrée’

the way out — la sortie (of de)

the quickest way out is through here — c'est par ici que l'on sort le plus vite

there's no way out — fig il n'y a pas d'échappatoire

a way out of our difficulties — un moyen de nous sortir de nos difficultés

the way up — la montée

on the way — en route

we're on the way to Mary's — nous allons chez Mary

on the way past — en passant

I'm on my way — j'arrive

on your way through town — en traversant la ville

his house is on your way to town — tu passes devant chez lui en allant au centre-ville

I must be on my way — il faut que je parte

to go on one's way — se remettre en route

to send somebody on his way — ( tell to go away) envoyer promener quelqu'un (colloq)

to be well on the ou one's way to doing — être bien parti pour faire

to be on the way out — fig passer de mode

she's got four kids and another one on the way — (colloq) elle a quatre gosses et un autre en route (colloq)

to be out of somebody's way — ne pas être sur le chemin de quelqu'un

don't go out of your way to do — ne t'embête pas à faire

to go out of one's way to make somebody feel uncomfortable — tout faire pour que quelqu'un se sente mal à l'aise

out of the way — ( isolated) isolé; ( unusual) extraordinaire

along the way — lit en chemin; fig en cours de route

by way of — ( via) en passant par

to go the way of somebody/something — finir comme quelqu'un/quelque chose

to make one's way towards — se diriger vers

to make one's way along — avancer le long de

to make one's own way there — se débrouiller seul pour y arriver

to lie one's way out of trouble — se sortir d'affaire en mentant

2) ( direction) direction f, sens m

which way did he go? — dans quelle direction est-il parti?

he went that way — il est parti par là

come ou step this way — suivez-moi, venez par ici

‘this way for the zoo’ — ‘vers le zoo’

‘this way up’ — ‘haut’

to look this way and that — regarder dans toutes les directions

to look the other way — ( to see) regarder de l'autre côté; ( to avoid unpleasant thing) détourner les yeux; fig ( to ignore) fermer les yeux

to go every which way — partir dans tous les sens

the other way up — dans l'autre sens

the right way up — dans le bon sens

the wrong way up — à l'envers

to turn something the other way around — retourner quelque chose

I didn't ask her, it was the other way around — ce n'est pas moi qui lui ai demandé, c'est l'inverse

the wrong/right way around — dans le mauvais/bon sens

you're Ben and you're Tom, is that the right way around? — tu es Ben, et toi tu es Tom, c'est bien ça?

if you're ever down our way — si jamais tu passes près de chez nous

she's coming our way — elle vient vers nous

an opportunity came my way — une occasion s'est présentée

to put something somebody's way — (colloq) filer quelque chose à quelqu'un (colloq)

everything's going my way — tout me sourit

3) (space in front, projected route) passage m

to be in somebody's way — empêcher quelqu'un de passer

to be in the way — gêner le passage

she won't let anything get in the way of her ambition — elle ne laissera rien entraver son ambition

to get out of the way — s'écarter (du chemin)

to get out of somebody's way — laisser passer quelqu'un

put that somewhere out of the way — mets ça quelque part où ça ne gêne pas

out of my way! — pousse-toi!

get him out of the way before the boss gets here! — fais-le disparaître d'ici avant que le patron arrive!

once the election is out of the way — une fois les élections passées

to keep out of the way — rester à l'écart

to keep out of somebody's way — éviter quelqu'un

to keep somebody out of somebody's way — ( to avoid annoyance) tenir quelqu'un à l'écart de quelqu'un

to keep something out of somebody's way — (to avoid injury, harm) garder quelque chose hors de portée de quelqu'un

to make way — s'écarter

to make way for somebody/something — faire place à quelqu'un/quelque chose

4) ( distance) distance f

it's a long way — c'est loin (to jusqu'à)

to be a short way off — lit être près

my birthday is still some way off — mon anniversaire est encore loin

we still have some way to go before doing — lit, fig nous avons encore du chemin à faire avant de faire

to go all the way to China — faire tout le voyage jusqu'en Chine

I'm with you ou behind you all the way — je suis de tout cœur avec toi

5) ( manner) façon f, manière f

do it this/that way — fais-le comme ceci/cela

let me explain it another way — laisse-moi t'expliquer autrement

to do something the French way — faire quelque chose comme les Français

to do something the right/wrong way — faire bien/mal quelque chose

you're going about it the wrong way — tu t'y prends très mal

try to see it my way — mets-toi à ma place

in his/her/its own way — à sa façon

to have a way with something — s'y connaître en quelque chose

to have a way with children — savoir s'y prendre avec les enfants

she certainly has a way with her — (colloq) GB elle sait décidément s'y prendre avec les gens

a way of doing — ( method) une façon or manière de faire; ( means) un moyen de faire

to my way of thinking — à mon avis

that's the way to do it! — voilà comment il faut s'y prendre!

that's the way! — voilà, c'est bien!

what a way to run a company! — en voilà une façon de gérer une entreprise!

I like the way he dresses — j'aime la façon dont il s'habille

whichever way you look at it — de quelque façon que tu envisages les choses

either way, she's wrong — de toute façon, elle a tort

one way or another — d'une façon ou d'une autre

one way and another it's been rather eventful — tout compte fait ça a été assez mouvementé

I don't care one way or the other — ça m'est égal

no two ways about it — cela ne fait aucun doute

you can't have it both ways — on ne peut pas avoir le beurre et l'argent du beurre

no way! — (colloq) pas question! (colloq)

6) (respect, aspect) sens m

in a way it's sad — en un sens c'est triste

in a way that's true — dans une certaine mesure c'est vrai

can I help in any way? — puis-je faire quoi que ce soit?

in every way possible — dans la mesure du possible

in many ways — à bien des égards

in some ways — à certains égards

in no way, not in any way — aucunement

this is in no way a criticism — cela n'est en aucune façon une critique

not much in the way of news — il n'y a pas beaucoup de nouvelles

what have you got in the way of drinks? — qu'est-ce que vous avez comme boissons?

by way of light relief — en guise de divertissement

7) (custom, manner) coutume f, manière f

that's the modern way — c'est la coutume d'aujourd'hui

I know all her little ways — je connais toutes ses petites habitudes

that's just his way — il est comme ça

it's the way of the world — c'est la vie

8) (will, desire)

to get one's way —

to have one's own way — faire à son idée

she likes (to have) her own way — elle aime n'en faire qu'à sa tête

if I had my way... — si cela ne tenait qu'à moi...

have it your (own) way — comme tu voudras
2.
adverb

we went way over budget — le budget a été largement dépassé

to be way out — (in guess, estimate) être loin du compte

to go way beyond what is necessary — aller bien au-delà de ce qui est nécessaire

that's way out of order — je trouve ça un peu fort
3.
by the way adverbial phrase en passant

by the way,... — à propos,...

what time is it, by the way? — quelle heure est-il, au fait?

but that's just by the way — mais ce n'est qu'une parenthèse

English-French dictionary > way
11 go

go ⇒ Usage note: go

A vi (3^e pers sg prés goes ; prét went ; pp gone)

1 (move, travel) aller (from de ; to à, en) ; to go to London/Paris aller à Londres/Paris ; to go to Wales/to Ireland/to California aller au Pays de Galles/en Irlande/en Californie ; to go to town/to the country aller en ville/à la campagne ; they went home ils sont rentrés chez eux ; she's gone to Paris elle est allée à Paris ; to go up/down/across monter/descendre/traverser ; I went into the room je suis entré dans la pièce ; to go by bus/train/plane voyager en bus/train/avion ; we went there by bus nous y sommes allés en bus ; to go by ou past [person, vehicle] passer ; that car's going very fast! cette voiture roule très vite! ; there he goes again! ( that's him again) le revoilà! ; fig ( he's starting again) le voilà qui recommence!, c'est reparti! ; who goes there? Mil qui va là? ; where do we go from here? fig et maintenant qu'est-ce qu'on fait? ;

2 (on specific errand, activity) aller ; to go shopping aller faire des courses ; to go swimming (in sea, river) aller se baigner ; ( in pool) aller à la piscine ; to go for a walk aller se promener ; to go on a journey/on holiday partir en voyage/en vacances ; to go for a drink aller prendre un verre ; he's gone to get some wine il est allé chercher du vin ; go and answer the phone va répondre au téléphone ; go and tell them that… va leur dire que… ; go after him! poursuivez-le! ;

3 ( attend) aller ; to go to school/ church aller à l'école/l'église ; to go to work aller or se rendre au travail ; to go to the doctor's/dentist's aller chez le médecin/dentiste ;

4 ( used as auxiliary with present participle) she went running up the stairs elle a monté l'escalier en courant ; she went complaining to the principal elle est allée se plaindre au directeur ;

5 ( depart) partir ; I must go, I must be going il faut que je parte or que je m'en aille ; the train goes at six o'clock le train part à six heures ; a train goes every hour il y a un train toutes les heures ; to go on holiday partir en vacances ; be gone! va-t'en!, allez-vous en! ;

6 euph ( die) mourir, disparaître ; when I am gone quand je ne serai plus là ; the doctors say she could go at any time d'après les médecins elle risque de mourir d'un instant à l'autre ;

7 ( disappear) partir ; half the money goes on school fees la moitié de l'argent part en frais de scolarité ; the money/cake has all gone il ne reste plus d'argent/de gâteau ; I left my bike outside and now it's gone j'ai laissé mon vélo dehors et il n'est plus là or il a disparu ; there goes my chance of winning! c'en est fait de mes chances de gagner! ;

8 (be sent, transmitted) it can't go by post on ne peut pas l'envoyer par la poste ; these proposals will go before parliament ces propositions seront soumises au parlement ;

9 ( become) to go red rougir ; to go white blanchir ; his hair ou he is going grey il commençe à avoir les cheveux blancs ; to go mad devenir fou/folle ; to go bankrupt faire faillite ;

10 ( change over to new system) to go Labour/Conservative Pol [country, constituency] voter travailliste/conservateur ; to go metric adopter le système métrique ; ⇒ private, public ;

11 (be, remain) the people went hungry les gens n'avaient rien à manger ; we went for two days without food nous avons passé deux jours sans rien manger ; to go unnoticed passer inaperçu ; to go unpunished rester impuni ; the question went unanswered la question est restée sans réponse ; to go naked se promener tout nu ; he was allowed to go free il a été libéré or remis en liberté ;

12 (weaken, become impaired) his memory/mind is going il perd la mémoire/l'esprit ; his hearing is going il devient sourd ; my voice is going je n'ai plus de voix ; the battery is going la batterie est presque à plat ; the engine is going le moteur a des ratés ;

13 ( of time) ( elapse) s'écouler ; three hours went by before… trois heures se sont écoulées avant que… (+ subj) ; there are only three days to go before Christmas il ne reste plus que trois jours avant Noël ; how's the time going? quelle heure est-il? ; it's just gone seven o'clock il est un peu plus de sept heures ;

14 ( be got rid of) he's totally inefficient, he'll have to go! il est complètement incapable, il va falloir qu'on se débarrasse de lui! ; that new lampshade is hideous, it'll have to go! ce nouvel abat-jour est affreux, il va falloir qu'on s'en débarrasse! ; the car will have to go il va falloir vendre la voiture ; either she goes or I do! c'est elle ou moi! ; six down and four to go! six de faits, et encore quatre à faire! ;

15 (operate, function) [vehicle, machine, clock] marcher, fonctionner ; to set [sth] going mettre [qch] en marche ; to get going [engine, machine] se mettre en marche ; fig [business] démarrer ; to get the fire going allumer le feu ; to keep going [person, business, machine] tenir le coup ○, se maintenir ; we have several projects going at the moment nous avons plusieurs projets en route en ce moment ; ⇒ keep ;

16 ( start) let's get going! allons-y!, allez, on commençe! ; we'll have to get going on that translation il va falloir qu'on se mette à faire cette traduction ; to get things going mettre les choses en train ; ready, steady, go! à vos marques, prêts, partez! ; here goes!, here we go! c'est parti! ; once he gets going, he never stops une fois lancé, il n'arrête pas ;

17 ( lead) aller, conduire, mener (to à) ; that corridor goes to the kitchen le couloir va or conduit à la cuisine ; the road goes down to the sea/goes up the mountain la route descend vers la mer/monte au sommet de la montagne ; this road goes past the cemetery ce chemin passe à côté du cimetière ;

18 ( extend in depth or scope) the roots of the plant go very deep les racines de la plante s'enfoncent très profondément ; the historical reasons for this conflict go very deep les raisons historiques de ce conflit remontent très loin ; these habits go very deep ces habitudes sont profondément ancrées or enracinées ; as far as that goes pour ce qui est de cela ; it's true as far as it goes c'est vrai dans un sens or dans une certaine mesure ; she'll go far! elle ira loin! ; this time he's gone too far! cette fois il est allé trop loin! ; a hundred pounds doesn't go far these days on ne va pas loin avec cent livres sterling de nos jours ; one leg of lamb doesn't go very far among twelve people un gigot d'agneau n'est pas suffisant pour douze personnes ; this goes a long way towards explaining his attitude ceci explique en grande partie son attitude ; you can make £5 go a long way on peut faire beaucoup de choses avec 5 livres sterling ;

19 (belong, be placed) aller ; where do these plates go? où vont ces assiettes? ; that table goes beside the bed cette table va à côté du lit ; the suitcases will have to go in the back il va falloir mettre les valises derrière ;

20 ( fit) gen rentrer ; it won't go into the box ça ne rentre pas dans la boîte ; five into four won't go quatre n'est pas divisible par cinq ; three into six goes twice six divisé par trois, ça fait deux ;

21 (be expressed, sung etc in particular way) I can't remember how the poem goes je n'arrive pas à me rappeler le poème ; how does the song go? quel est l'air de la chanson? ; the song goes something like this la chanson ressemble à peu près à ça ; as the saying goes comme dit le proverbe ; the story goes that le bruit court que, on dit que ; her theory goes something like this… sa théorie consiste à peu près à dire que… ;

22 ( be accepted) what he says goes c'est lui qui fait la loi ; it goes without saying that il va sans dire que ; that goes without saying cela va sans dire ; anything goes tout est permis ;

23 ( be about to) to be going to do aller faire ; it's going to snow il va neiger ; I was just going to phone you j'étais justement sur le point de t'appeler, j'allais justement t'appeler ; I'm going to phone him right now je vais l'appeler tout de suite ; I'm not going to be treated like that! je ne vais pas me laisser faire comme ça! ; we were going to go to Italy, but we changed our plans nous devions aller en Italie, mais nous avons changé d'idée ;

24 ( happen) the party went very well la soirée s'est très bien passée ; so far the campaign is going well jusqu'à maintenant la campagne a bien marché ; how did the evening go? comment s'est passée la soirée? ; the way things are going, I don't think we'll ever get finished vu la façon dont les choses se passent or si ça continue comme ça, je pense qu'on n'aura jamais fini ; how's it going ○ ?, how are things going? comment ça va ○ ? ; how goes it? hum comment ça va ○ ?, comment va ◑ ? ;

25 ( be on average) it's old, as Australian towns go c'est une ville assez vieille pour une ville australienne ; it wasn't a bad party, as parties go c'était une soirée plutôt réussie par rapport à la moyenne ;

26 ( be sold) the house went for over £100,000 la maison a été vendue à plus de 100 000 livres ; we won't let the house go for less than £100,000 nous ne voulons pas vendre la maison à moins de 100 000 livres ; those rugs are going cheap ces tapis ne sont pas chers ; the house will go to the highest bidder la maison sera vendue au plus offrant ; ‘going, going, gone!’ ( at auction) ‘une fois, deux fois, trois fois, adjugé!’ ;

27 ( be on offer) I'll have some coffee, if there's any going je prendrai bien un café, s'il y en a ; are there any drinks going? est-ce qu'il y a quelque chose à boire? ; I'll have whatever's going je prendrai ce qu'il y a ; it's the best machine going c'est la meilleure machine sur le marché ; there's a job going at their London office il y a un poste libre dans leur bureau de Londres ;

28 ( contribute) the money will go towards a new roof l'argent servira à payer un nouveau toit ; the elements that go to make a great film les éléments qui font un bon film ; everything that goes to make a good teacher toutes les qualités d'un bon enseignant ;

29 ( be given) [award, prize] aller (to à) ; [estate, inheritance, title] passer (to à) ; the money will go to charity les bénéfices iront aux bonnes œuvres ; most of the credit should go to the author la plus grande partie du mérite revient à l'auteur ; the job went to a local man le poste a été donné à un homme de la région ;

30 ( emphatic use) she's gone and told everybody! elle est allée le dire à tout le monde! ; why did he go and spoil it? pourquoi est-il allé tout gâcher ? ; you've gone and ruined everything! tu t'es débrouillé pour tout gâcher! ; he went and won the competition! il s'est débrouillé pour gagner le concours! ; you've really gone and done it now! tu peux être fier de toi! iron ; then he had to go and lose his wallet comme s'il ne manquait plus que ça, il a perdu son portefeuille ;

31 ( of money) (be spent, used up) all his money goes on drink tout son argent passe dans l'alcool ; most of his salary goes on rent la plus grande partie de son salaire passe dans le loyer ; I don't know where all my money goes (to)! je ne sais pas ce que je fais de mon argent! ;

32 (make sound, perform action or movement) gen faire ; [bell, alarm] sonner ; the cat went ‘miaow’ le chat a fait ‘miaou’ ; wait until the bell goes attends que la cloche sonne ( subj) ; she went like this with her fingers elle a fait comme ça avec ses doigts ; so he goes ‘what about my money ○ ?’ et puis il dit or il fait, ‘et mon argent?’ ;

33 (resort to, have recourse to) to go to war [country] entrer en guerre ; [soldier] partir à la guerre ; to go to law GB ou to the law US aller en justice ;

34 (break, collapse etc) [roof] s'effondrer ; [cable, rope] se rompre, céder ; ( fuse) [light bulb] griller ;

35 (bid, bet) aller ; I'll go as high as £100 j'irai jusqu'à 100 livres sterling ; I went up to £100 je suis allé jusqu'à 100 livres sterling ;

36 ( take one's turn) you go next c'est ton tour après, c'est à toi après ; you go first après vous ;

37 ( be in harmony) those two colours don't go together ces deux couleurs ne vont pas ensemble ; the curtains don't go with the carpet les rideaux ne vont pas avec le tapis ; white wine goes better with fish than red wine le vin blanc va mieux avec le poisson que le rouge ;

38 ○ euph ( relieve oneself) aller aux toilettes ;

39 US ( in takeaway) to go à emporter ; two hamburgers to go! deux hamburgers à emporter!

B vtr (3^e pers sg prés goes ; prét went ; pp gone) ( see usage note)

1 ( travel) we had gone ten miles before we realized that… nous avions déjà fait dix kilomètres quand nous nous sommes rendu compte que… ; are you going my way? tu vas dans la même direction que moi? ; to go one's own way fig suivre son chemin ;

2 ○ (bet, bid) I go two diamonds ( in cards) j'annonce deux carreaux ; he went £20 il a mis or parié 20 livres sterling.

C n (pl goes)

1 GB ( person's turn) tour m ; ( try) essai m ; it's your go ( in game) c'est ton tour, c'est à toi ; whose go is it? gen à qui le tour? ; ( in game) à qui de jouer? ; you've had two goes ( in game) tu as eu deux tours ; ( two attempts at mending sth) tu as déjà essayé deux fois ; to have a go at sth essayer de faire qch ; have another go! essaie encore une fois or un coup! ; she had several goes at the exam elle a repassé l'examen plusieurs fois ; I had to have several goes before passing j'ai dû m'y reprendre à plusieurs fois avant de réussir ;

2 ○ ( energy) dynamisme m ; to be full of go, to be all go être très dynamique, avoir beaucoup d'allant ; he has no go in him il manque de dynamisme ;

3 ○ GB ( bout) ( of illness) attaque f ;

4 ⇒ Games and sports ( board game) go m.

D adj all systems are go! Aerosp tout est paré pour le lancement!

Idioms

to have a go at sb s'en prendre à qn ; to make a go of sth réussir qch ; she's always on the go elle n'arrête jamais ; he's all go ○ ! il n'arrête pas! ; it's all the go ○ ! ça fait fureur! ; we have several different projects on the go at the moment nous avons plusieurs projets différents en chantier or en cours en ce moment ; (it's) no go! pas question! ; from the word go dès le départ ; that was a near go ○ ! on l'a échappé belle! ; in one go d'un seul coup ; to go one better than sb renchérir sur qn ; that's how it goes!, that's the way it goes! ainsi va le monde!, c'est la vie! ; there you go ○ ! voilà!

Phrasal verbs

■ go about:

▶ go about

1 = go around ;

2 Naut virer de bord ; prepare to go about! parer à virer! ;

▶ go about [sth]

1 ( undertake) s'attaquer à [task] ; how do you go about writing a novel? comment est-ce que vous vous y prenez pour écrire un roman? ; he knows how to go about it il sait s'y prendre ;

2 ( be busy with) to go about one's business vaquer à ses occupations ; she went about her work mechanically elle faisait son travail machinalement.

■ go across:

▶ go across traverser ; he's gone across to the shop/neighbour's il est allé au magasin en face/chez les voisins en face ;

▶ go across [sth] traverser [street, river, bridge etc].

■ go after:

▶ go after [sth/sb]

1 ( chase) poursuivre [person] ;

2 fig ( try hard to get) he really went after that job il a fait tout son possible pour avoir ce travail.

■ go against:

▶ go against [sb/sth]

1 ( prove unfavourable to) the vote/verdict/decision went against them le vote/le verdict/la décision leur a été défavorable or n'a pas été en leur faveur ; the war is going against them la guerre tourne à leur désavantage ;

2 ( conflict with) être contraire à [rules, principles] ; to go against the trend aller à l'encontre de or être contraire à la tendance ; to go against the party line Pol ne pas être dans la ligne du parti ;

3 (resist, oppose) s'opposer à, aller à l'inverse de [person, sb's wishes].

■ go ahead

1 ( go in front) go ahead, I'll follow you on partez devant, je vous suis ;

2 fig ( proceed) go! ( in conversation) continue! ; go ahead and shoot! vas-y, tire! ; they are going ahead with the project ils ont décidé de mettre le projet en route ; we can go ahead without them nous pouvons continuer sans eux ; next week's strike is to go ahead la grève de la semaine prochaine va avoir lieu.

■ go along

1 ( move along) [person, vehicle] aller, avancer ; to make sth up as one goes along fig inventer qch au fur et à mesure ;

2 ( attend) aller ; she went along as a witch elle y est allée déguisée en sorcière ; I went along as a witness j'y suis allé or je me suis présenté comme témoin.

■ go along with:

▶ go along with [sb/sth] être d'accord avec, accepter [plans, wishes] ; I can't go along with that je ne peux pas accepter ça ; I'll go along with you there je suis d'accord avec vous sur ce point.

■ go around:

▶ go around

1 (move, travel about) se promener, circuler ; to go around naked/barefoot se promener tout nu/pieds nus ; she goes around on a bicycle elle circule à bicyclette ; they go around everywhere together ils vont partout ensemble ;

2 ( circulate) [rumour] courir ; there's a rumour going around that le bruit court que ; there's a virus going around il y a un virus qui traîne ; there isn't enough money to go around il n'y a pas assez d'argent pour tout le monde ;

▶ go around [sth] faire le tour de [house, shops, area] ; to go around the world faire le tour du monde ; they went around the country looking for him ils l'ont cherché dans tout le pays.

■ go at:

▶ go at [sb] ( attack) attaquer, tomber sur ;

▶ go at [sth] s'attaquer à, s'atteler à [task, activity].

■ go away [person] partir ; to go away on holiday GB ou vacation US partir en vacances ; go away and leave me alone! va-t-en et laisse-moi tranquille! ; go away and think about it réfléchissez-y ; don't go away thinking that ne va pas croire que ; this cold/headache just won't go away! je n'arrive pas à me débarrasser de ce rhume/mal de tête! ; the problems aren't just going to go away! les problèmes ne vont pas disparaître tout seuls!

■ go back

1 ( return) retourner ; ( turn back) rebrousser chemin, faire demi-tour ; ( resume work) reprendre le travail ; (resume classes, studies) reprendre les cours ; as it was raining, they decided to go back comme il pleuvait, ils ont décidé de faire demi-tour or de rebrousser chemin ; they went back home ils sont rentrés chez eux ; let's go back to France rentrons en France ; to go back to the beginning recommencer ; to go back to sleep se rendormir ; to go back to work/writing se remettre au travail/à écrire ; go back! the path isn't safe reculez! le chemin est dangereux ; once you've committed yourself, there's no going back une fois que vous vous êtes engagé, vous ne pouvez plus reculer ;

2 ( in time) remonter ; to go back in time remonter dans le temps ; to understand the problem we need to go back 20 years pour comprendre le problème il faut remonter 20 ans en arrière ; this tradition goes back a century cette tradition est vieille d'un siècle ; we go back a long way ça fait longtemps qu'on se connaît ;

3 ( revert) revenir (to à) ; to go back to teaching revenir à l'enseignement ; to go back to being a student reprendre des études ; let's go back to what we were discussing yesterday revenons à ce que dont nous parlions hier.

■ go back on:

▶ go back on [sth] revenir sur [promise, decision].

■ go before:

▶ go before ( go in front) aller au devant ; fig ( in time) se passer avant ; all that had gone before tout ce qui s'était passé avant ;

▶ go before [sb/sth] [person] comparaître devant [court, judge] ; the bill went before parliament le projet de loi a été soumis au parlement.

■ go below gen, Naut descendre.

■ go by:

▶ go by [person] passer ; [time] passer, s'écouler ; as time goes by avec le temps ; don't let such opportunities go by il ne faut pas laisser passer de telles occasions ;

▶ go by [sth]

1 ( judge by) juger d'après ; to go by appearances juger d'après or sur les apparences ; going by her looks, I'd say she was about 30 à la voir, je lui donne 30 ans ; you mustn't go by what you read in the papers il ne faut pas croire tout ce que disent les journaux ; if the trailer is anything to go by, it should be a good film à en juger par la bande-annonce, ça doit être un bon film ; if the father is anything to go by, I wouldn't like to meet the son! quand on voit le père, on n'a pas envie de rencontrer le fils! ;

2 ( proceed by) to go by the rules suivre or observer le règlement ; promotion goes by seniority la promotion se fait à l'ancienneté or en fonction de l'ancienneté.

■ go down:

▶ go down

1 ( descend) gen descendre ; [diver] effectuer une plongée ; to go down to the cellar descendre à la cave ; to go down to the beach aller à la plage ; to go down to the pub aller au pub ; they've gone down to Brighton for a few days ils sont allés passer quelques jours à Brighton ; ‘going down!’ ( in elevator) ‘on descend!’ ; to go down on one's knees se mettre à genoux ;

2 ( fall) [person, aircraft] tomber ; ( sink) [ship] couler, sombrer ; [person] couler, disparaître sous les flots ; most of the passengers went down with the ship la plupart des passagers ont coulé avec le navire ; the plane went down in flames l'avion s'est écrasé en flammes ; the plane went down over Normandy/the Channel l'avion s'est écrasé en Normandie/est tombé dans la Manche ; to go down for the third time [drowning person] disparaître sous les flots et se noyer ;

3 [sun] se coucher ;

4 ( be received) to go down well/badly être bien/mal reçu ; this remark didn't go down at all well cette remarque n'a pas été appréciée du tout ; his jokes went down well/didn't go down well with the audience le public a apprécié/n'a pas beaucoup apprécié ses plaisanteries ; another cup of coffee would go down nicely! une autre tasse de café serait la bienvenue! ;

5 ( be swallowed) it went down the wrong way c'est passé de travers ;

6 ( become lower) [water level, temperature] baisser ; [tide] descendre ; [price, standard] baisser ; ( abate) [storm, wind] se calmer ; [fire] s'éteindre ; the river has/the floods have gone down le niveau de la rivière/des inondations a baissé ; foodstuffs are going down (in price) les produits alimentaires deviennent moins chers ;

7 ( become deflated) [swelling] désenfler ; [tyre, balloon] se dégonfler ;

8 GB Univ ( break up for holiday) terminer les cours ; ( leave university permanently) quitter l'université ; when do you go down? quand est-ce que vous êtes en vacances? ;

9 gen, Sport (fail, be defeated) perdre ; ( be downgraded) redescendre ; Corby went down 6-1 to Oxford Corby a perdu 6-1 contre Oxford ; the team has gone down to the second division l'équipe est redescendue en deuxième division ;

10 ( be remembered) he will go down as a great statesman on se souviendra de lui comme d'un grand homme d'État ;

11 ( be recorded) être noté ; it all goes down in her diary elle note tout dans son journal ;

12 ( continue) the book goes down to 1939 le livre va jusqu'en 1939 ; if you go down to the second last line you will see that si vous regardez à l'avant-dernière ligne, vous verrez que ;

13 ( be stricken) to go down with flu/malaria attraper la grippe/la malaria ;

14 ○ GB ( be sent to prison) être envoyé en prison ;

15 Comput [computer, system] tomber en panne ;

▶ go down [sth]

1 lit descendre [hill] ; descendre dans [mine] ;

2 ( be downgraded) to go down a class Sch redescendre d'une classe.

■ go down on:

▶ go down on [sth] ( set) [sun] se coucher sur ; when the sun went down on the Roman Empire fig quand l'empire romain commençait à décliner ;

▶ go down on [sb] ● ( have oral sex with) tailler une pipe à ● [man] ; faire minette à ● [woman].

■ go for:

▶ go for [sb/sth]

1 ○ (favour, have liking for) craquer ○ pour [person, physical type] ; aimer [style of music, literature etc] ; he really goes for blondes il craque ○ pour or il adore les blondes ; I don't go much for modern art je ne suis pas emballé ○ par l'art moderne, je n'aime pas tellement l'art moderne ;

2 ( apply to) être valable pour, s'appliquer à ; that goes for all of you! c'est valable pour tout le monde! ; the same goes for him c'est valable pour lui aussi!, ça s'applique à lui aussi! ;

▶ go for [sb]

1 ( attack) ( physically) attaquer, tomber sur ; ( verbally) attaquer, s'en prendre à [person] ; the two youths went for him les deux jeunes l'ont attaqué or lui ont sauté dessus ; to go for sb's throat [animal] attaquer qn à la gorge ; she really went for him! (in argument, row) elle l'a vraiment incendié!, elle s'en est prise violemment à lui! ;

2 he has a lot going for him il a beaucoup de choses pour lui ;

▶ go for [sth]

1 ( attempt to achieve) essayer d'obtenir [honour, victory] ; she's going for the gold medal/world record elle vise la médaille d'or/le record mondial ; go for it ○ ! vas-y, fonce ○ ! ; the company is going for a new image l'entreprise cherche à se donner une nouvelle image ; the team is going for a win against Italy l'équipe compte bien gagner contre l'Italie ;

2 ( choose) choisir, prendre ; I'll go for the blue one je prendrai le bleu.

■ go forth sout [person] ( go out) sortir ; ( go forward) aller, avancer ; go forth and multiply allez et multipliez-vous.

■ go forward(s) avancer.

■ go in

1 ( enter) entrer ; ( go back in) rentrer ;

2 Mil [army, troops] attaquer ; the troops went in at dawn les troupes ont attaqué à l'aube ;

3 ( disappear) [sun, moon] se cacher.

■ go in for:

▶ go in for [sth]

1 ( be keen on) aimer [sport, hobby etc] ; I don't go in for sports much je n'aime pas tellement le sport ; he goes in for opera in a big way il adore l'opéra, c'est un fou d'opéra ○ ; we don't go in for that sort of thing nous n'aimons pas ce genre de chose ; they don't go in much for foreign languages at Ben's school ils ne s'intéressent pas beaucoup aux langues étrangères dans l'école de Ben ;

2 ( take up) to go in for teaching entrer dans l'enseignement ; to go in for politics se lancer dans la politique ;

3 ( take part in) s'inscrire à [exam, competition].

■ go into:

▶ go into [sth]

1 ( enter) entrer dans ; fig ( take up) se lancer dans ; to go into hospital entrer à l'hôpital ; to go into parliament entrer au parlement ; to go into politics/business se lancer dans la politique/les affaires ;

2 (examine, investigate) étudier ; we need to go into the question of funding il faut que nous étudiions la question du financement ;

3 (explain, describe) I won't go into why I did it je n'expliquerai pas pourquoi je l'ai fait ; let's not go into that now laissons cela de côté pour l'instant ;

4 ( launch into) se lancer dans ; she went into a long explanation of what had happened elle s'est lancée dans une longue explication de ce qui s'était passé ;

5 ( be expended) a lot of work/money went into this project beaucoup de travail/d'argent a été investi dans ce projet ; a lot of effort went into organizing the party l'organisation de la soirée a demandé beaucoup de travail ;

6 ( hit) [car, driver] rentrer dans, heurter ; the car went into a lamp post la voiture est rentrée dans or a heurté un réverbère.

■ go in with:

▶ go in with [sb] se joindre à [person, ally, organization] ; he went in with us to buy the present il s'est mis avec nous pour acheter le cadeau.

■ go off:

▶ go off

1 (explode, fire) [bomb] exploser ; the gun didn't go off le coup n'est pas parti ;

2 [alarm clock] sonner ; [fire alarm] se déclencher ;

3 ( depart) partir, s'en aller ; he went off to work il est parti au travail ; she went off to find a spade elle est allée chercher une pelle ; they went off together ils sont partis ensemble ;

4 GB ( go bad) [milk, cream] tourner ; [meat] s'avarier ; [butter] rancir ; ( deteriorate) [performer, athlete etc] perdre sa forme ; [work] se dégrader ; ( lose one's attractiveness) [person] être moins beau/belle qu'avant ; he used to be very handsome, but he's gone off a bit il était très beau, mais il est moins bien maintenant ; the first part of the film was good, but after that it went off la première partie du film était bien, mais après ça s'est dégradé ;

5 ○ ( fall asleep) s'endormir ;

6 ( cease to operate) [lights, heating] s'éteindre ;

7 (happen, take place) [evening, organized event] se passer ; the concert went off very well le concert s'est très bien passé ;

8 Theat quitter la scène ;

▶ go off [sb/sth] GB I used to like him but I've gone off him je l'aimais bien avant, mais je ne l'aime plus tellement ; I've gone off opera/whisky je n'aime plus tellement l'opéra/le whisky ; I think she's gone off the idea je crois qu'elle a renoncé à l'idée.

■ go off with:

▶ go off with [sb/sth] partir avec [person, money] ; she went off with all his money elle est partie avec tout son argent ; who's gone off with my pen? qui a pris mon stylo?

■ go on:

▶ go on

1 (happen, take place) se passer ; what's going on? qu'est-ce qui se passe? ; there's a party going on upstairs il y a une fête en haut ; how long has this been going on? depuis combien de temps est-ce que ça dure? ; a lot of stealing goes on il y a beaucoup de vols ; a lot of drinking goes on at Christmas time les gens boivent beaucoup à Noël ;

2 ( continue on one's way) poursuivre son chemin ;

3 ( continue) continuer ; go on with your work continuez votre travail, continuez de travailler ; go on looking continuez à or de chercher ; she went on speaking elle a continué de parler ; go on, we're all listening! continue, nous t'écoutons tous! ; ‘and another thing,’ she went on, ‘you're always late’ ‘et autre chose,’ a-t-elle ajouté, ‘vous êtes toujours en retard’ ; if he goes on like this, he'll get into trouble! s'il continue comme ça, il va s'attirer des ennuis ; we can't go on like this! nous ne pouvons pas continuer comme ça! ; life must go on la vie continue ; the meeting went on into the afternoon la réunion s'est prolongée jusque dans l'après-midi ; you can't go on being a pen pusher all your life! tu ne peux pas rester gratte-papier toute ta vie! ; the list goes on and on la liste est infinie or interminable ; that's enough to be going on with ça suffit pour le moment ; have you got enough work to be going on with? est-ce que tu as assez de travail pour le moment? ; here's £20 to be going on with voici 20 livres pour te dépanner ; go on (with you) ○ ! allons donc! ;

4 ( of time) ( elapse) as time went on, they… avec le temps, ils… ; as the evening went on, he became more animated au fur et à mesure que la soirée avançait, il devenait plus animé ;

5 ( keep talking) to go on about sth ne pas arrêter de parler de qch, parler de qch à n'en plus finir ; he was going on about the war il parlait de la guerre à n'en plus finir ; don't go on about it! arrête de parler de ça!, change de disque! ; she went on and on about it elle en a fait toute une histoire ; he does tend to go on a bit! il a tendance à radoter ○ ! ; the way she goes on, you'd think she was an expert on the subject! à l'entendre, on croirait qu'elle est experte en la matière! ;

6 ( proceed) passer ; let's go on to the next item passons au point suivant ; he went on to say that/describe how puis il a dit que/décrit comment ;

7 ( go into operation) [heating, lights] s'allumer ;

8 Theat entrer en scène ; what time do you go on? à quelle heure est-ce que vous entrez en scène? ;

9 ( approach) it's going on three o'clock il est presque trois heures ; she's four going on five elle va sur ses cinq ans ; he's thirty going on three hum il a trente ans mais il pourrait bien en avoir trois ;

10 ( fit) these gloves won't go on ces gants ne m'iront pas ; the lid won't go on properly le couvercle ne ferme pas bien ;

▶ go on [sth] se fonder sur [piece of evidence, information] ; that's all we've got to go on tout ce que nous savons avec certitude ; we've got nothing else to go on nous n'avons pas d'autre point de départ ; the police haven't got much evidence to go on la police n'a pas beaucoup de preuves à l'appui.

■ go on at:

▶ go on at [sb] s'en prendre à [person] ; he's always going on at me for writing badly il s'en prend toujours à moi à cause de ma mauvaise écriture ; they're always going on at us about deadlines ils sont toujours sur notre dos pour des histoires de délais.

■ go out

1 (leave, depart) sortir ; she went out of the room elle a quitté la pièce, elle est sortie de la pièce ; to go out walking aller se promener ; to go out for a drink aller prendre un verre ; they go out a lot ils sortent beaucoup ; she likes going out elle aime sortir ; she had to go out to work at 14 il a fallu qu'elle aille travailler à 14 ans ;

2 ( travel long distance) partir (to à, pour) ; she's gone out to Australia/Africa elle est partie pour l'Australie/l'Afrique ;

3 ( have relationship) to go out with sb sortir avec qn ; they've been going out together for six weeks ils sortent ensemble depuis six semaines ;

4 [tide] descendre ; the tide is going out la marée descend, la mer se retire ;

5 Ind ( go on strike) se mettre en grève ;

6 ( become unfashionable) passer de mode ; ( no longer be used) ne plus être utilisé ; mini-skirts went out in the 1970s les mini-jupes ont passé de mode dans les années 70 ; gas went out and electricity came in l'électricité a remplacé le gaz ;

7 ( be extinguished) [fire, light] s'éteindre ;

8 ( be sent) [invitation, summons] être envoyé ; ( be published) [journal, magazine] être publié ; Radio, TV ( be broadcast) être diffusé ;

9 ( be announced) word went out that he was coming back le bruit a couru qu'il revenait ; the news went out from Washington that Washington a annoncé que ;

10 ( be eliminated) gen, Sport être éliminé ; she went out in the early stages of the competition elle a été éliminée au début de la compétition ;

11 (expressing compassion, sympathy) my heart goes out to them je les plains de tout mon cœur, je suis de tout cœur avec eux ; our thoughts go out to absent friends nos pensées vont vers nos amis absents ;

12 ( disappear) all the spirit seemed to have gone out of her elle semblait avoir perdu tout son entrain ; the romance seemed to have gone out of their relationship leur relation semblait avoir perdu tout son charme ;

13 ( end) [year, month] se terminer ;

14 ( in cards) terminer.

■ go over:

▶ go over

1 ( cross over) aller ; she went over to him/to the window elle est allée vers lui/vers la fenêtre, elle s'est approchée de lui/de la fenêtre ; to go over to Ireland/to America aller en Irlande/aux États-Unis ; we are now going over to Washington for more news Radio, TV nous passons maintenant l'antenne à Washington pour plus d'informations ;

2 ( be received) how did his speech go over? comment est-ce que son discours a été reçu? ; his speech went over well son discours a été bien reçu ; to go over big ○ avoir un grand succès ;

3 ( switch over) he went over to Labour from the Conservatives il est passé du parti des conservateurs au parti des travaillistes ; to go over to the other side fig passer dans l'autre camp ; we've gone over to gas (central heating) nous sommes passés au chauffage central au gaz ; to go over to Islam se convertir à l'Islam ;

▶ go over [sth]

1 ( review) passer [qch] en revue [details] ; she went over the events of the day in her mind elle a passé en revue les événements de la journée ; we've gone over the details again and again nous avons déjà passé les détails en revue mille fois ; to go over one's lines ( actor) répéter son texte ; there's no point in going over old ground il n'y a aucune raison de revenir là-dessus ;

2 (check, inspect) vérifier [accounts, figures] ; revoir [facts, piece of work] ; I want to go over this article once more before I hand it in je veux relire cet article une dernière fois avant de le remettre ; to go over a house faire le tour d'une maison ;

3 ( clean) he went over the room with a duster il a donné un coup de chiffon dans la pièce ; after cleaning, go over the surface with a dry cloth après l'avoir nettoyée, essuyez la surface avec un chiffon sec or passez un chiffon sec sur la surface ;

4 to go over a sketch in ink repasser un dessin à l'encre ;

5 ( exceed) dépasser ; don't go over £100 ne dépassez pas 100 livres sterling.

■ go round GB:

▶ go round

1 ( turn) [wheel, propeller etc] tourner ; the wheels went round and round les roues n'ont pas arrêté de tourner ; my head's going round j'ai la tête qui tourne ;

2 ( call round) to go round to see sb aller voir qn ; he's gone round to Anna's il est allé chez Anna ;

3 ( suffice) there isn't enough food/money to go round il n'y a pas assez de nourriture/d'argent pour tout le monde ; there was barely enough to go round il y en avait à peine assez pour tout le monde ;

4 ( circulate) there's a rumour going round that le bruit court que ;

5 ( make detour) faire un détour ; we had to go round the long way ou the long way round il a fallu qu'on prenne un chemin plus long ; I had to go round by the bridge il a fallu que je passe par or que je fasse un détour par le pont ;

▶ go round [sth] ( visit) faire le tour de [shops, house, museum].

■ go through:

▶ go through

1 ( come in) entrer ; if you'll just go (on) through, I'll tell them you're here si vous voulez bien entrer, je vais leur dire que vous êtes arrivé ;

2 ( be approved) [law, agreement] passer ; the law failed to go through la loi n'est pas passée ; the divorce hasn't gone through yet le divorce n'a pas encore été prononcé ;

3 ( be successfully completed) [business deal] être conclu ;

▶ go through [sth]

1 ( undergo) endurer, subir [experience, ordeal] ; ( pass through) passer par [stage, phase] ; in spite of all he's gone through malgré tout ce qu'il a enduré ; we've all gone through it nous sommes tous passés par là ; she's gone through a lot elle a beaucoup souffert ; he went through the day in a kind of daze toute la journée il a été dans un état second ; the country has gone through two civil wars le pays a connu deux guerres civiles ; to go through a crisis traverser une crise ; as you go through life au fur et à mesure que tu vieillis, en vieillissant ; you have to go through the switchboard/right authorities il faut passer par le standard/les autorités compétentes ; it went through my mind that l'idée m'a traversé l'esprit que ;

2 (check, inspect) examiner, étudier ; ( rapidly) parcourir [documents, files, list] ; to go through one's mail parcourir son courrier ; let's go through the points one by one étudions or examinons les problèmes un par un ;

3 ( search) fouiller [person's belongings, baggage] ; to go through sb's pockets/drawers fouiller dans les poches/tiroirs de qn ; at customs they went through all my things à la douane ils ont fouillé toutes mes affaires ;

4 (perform, rehearse) répéter [scene] ; expliquer [procedure] ; let's go through the whole scene once more répétons or reprenons toute la scène une dernière fois ; there are still a certain number of formalities to be gone through il y a encore un certain nombre de formalités à remplir ; I went through the whole procedure with him je lui ai expliqué comment il fallait procéder en détail ;

5 (consume, use up) dépenser [money] ; we went through three bottles of wine nous avons bu or descendu ○ trois bouteilles de vin ; I've gone through the elbows of my jacket j'ai usé ma veste aux coudes.

■ go through with:

▶ go through with [sth] réaliser, mettre [qch] à exécution [plan] ; in the end they decided to go through with the wedding finalement ils ont décidé de se marier ; I can't go through with it je ne peux pas le faire ; you'll have to go through with it now il va falloir que tu le fasses maintenant.

■ go together

1 ( harmonize) [colours, pieces of furniture etc] aller ensemble ; these colours don't go together ces couleurs ne vont pas ensemble ;

2 ( entail each other) aller de pair ; poverty and crime often go together la pauvreté et le crime vont souvent de pair ;

3 ○ †( have relationship) [couple] sortir ensemble.

■ go under

1 [boat, ship] couler, sombrer ; [drowning person] couler, disparaître sous les flots ;

2 fig ( succumb) [person] succomber ; ( go bankrupt) [business, company] faire faillite.

■ go up:

▶ go up

1 ( ascend) monter ; to go up to bed monter se coucher ; they've gone up to London ils sont allés or montés à Londres ; they've gone up to Scotland ils sont allés en Écosse ; ‘going up!’ ( in elevator) ‘on monte!’ ;

2 ( rise) [price, temperature] monter ; Theat [curtain] se lever (on sur) ; petrol has gone up (in price) (le prix de) l'essence a augmenté ; unemployment is going up le chômage augmente or est en hausse ; our membership has gone up le nombre de nos adhérents a augmenté ; a cry went up from the crowd un cri est monté or s'est élevé de la foule ;

3 ( be erected) [building] être construit ; [poster] être affiché ; new office blocks are going up all over the place on construit de nouveaux immeubles un peu partout ;

4 (be destroyed, blown up) [building] sauter, exploser ;

5 GB Univ ( start university) entrer à l'université ; ( start term) reprendre les cours ;

6 ( be upgraded) the team has gone up to the first division l'équipe est passée en première division ;

7 ( continue) the book/series goes up to 1990 le livre/la série va jusqu'en 1990 ;

▶ go up [sth]

1 ( mount) monter, gravir [hill, mountain] ;

2 to go up a class Sch passer dans une classe supérieure.

■ go with:

▶ go with [sth]

1 (match, suit) aller avec ; your shirt goes with your blue eyes ta chemise va bien avec tes yeux bleus ; white wine goes better with fish than red wine le vin blanc va mieux avec le poisson que le rouge ;

2 ( accompany) aller de pair avec ; the car goes with the job la voiture va de pair avec la situation ; the responsibilities that go with parenthood les responsabilités qui vont de pair avec le fait d'être parent ;

▶ go with [sb] ( date) sortir avec ; ( have sex with) coucher avec [person].

■ go without:

▶ go without s'en passer ; you'll just have to go without! il va falloir que tu t'en passes!, il va falloir que tu fasses sans! ;

▶ go without [sth] se passer de [food, luxuries].

Big English-French dictionary > go
12 know

1. transitive verb,
knew, known

1) (recognize) erkennen (by an + Dat., for als + Akk.)

2) (be able to distinguish)

know something from something — etwas von etwas unterscheiden können

know the difference between right and wrong — den Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse kennen

he wouldn't know the difference — er wüsste den Unterschied nicht

3) (be aware of) wissen; kennen [Person]

I know who she is — ich weiß, wer sie ist

I know for a fact that... — ich weiß ganz bestimmt, dass...

it is known that... — man weiß, dass...; es ist bekannt, dass...

know somebody/something to be... — wissen, dass jemand/etwas... ist

that's/that might be worth knowing — das ist gut/wäre wichtig zu wissen

he doesn't want to know — er will nichts davon wissen od. hören

I knew it — ich hab's ja geahnt

I know what — ich weiß was (ugs.)

you know — (coll.): (as reminder) weißt du [noch]

you know something or what? — weißt du was?

you never know — man kann nie wissen (ugs.)

somebody has [never] been known to do something — jemand hat bekanntlich [noch nie] etwas getan

and he knows it — und er weiß das auch

don't I know it! — (coll.) das weiß ich nur zu gut

before somebody knows where he is — ehe jemand sich's versieht

what do you know [about that]? — (coll.): (that is surprising) was sagst du dazu?

somebody is not to know — (is not to be told) jemand soll nichts wissen (about, of von); (has no way of learning) jemand kann nicht wissen

not know what hit one — (fig.) gar nicht begreifen, was geschehen ist

that's all you know [about it] — das glaubst du vielleicht

if you must know — wenn du es unbedingt wissen willst

know different or otherwise — es besser wissen

know what's what — wissen, wie es in der Welt zugeht

how should I know? — woher soll ich das wissen?

I might have known — das hätte ich mir denken können

do you know,... — stell dir [mal] vor,...

4) (have understanding of) können [ABC, Einmaleins, Deutsch usw.]; beherrschen [Grundlagen, Regeln]; sich auskennen mit [Gerät, Verfahren, Gesetz]

do you know any German? — können Sie etwas Deutsch?

know how to mend fuses — wissen, wie man Sicherungen repariert

know how to drive a car — Auto fahren können

he doesn't know much about computers — er hat nicht viel Ahnung von Computern

5) (be acquainted with) kennen

we have known each other for years — wir kennen uns [schon] seit Jahren

you don't really know him — du kennst ihn nicht gut genug

you know what he/it is — (is like) du kennst ihn ja/du weißt ja, wie es ist

6) (have experience of) erleben; erfahren

he knows no fear — er kennt keine Furcht

know what it is to be hungry — wissen, was es heißt, Hunger zu haben
2. noun
(coll.)

be in the know — Bescheid wissen

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/88563/know_about">know about

- know of

* * *
[nəu]
past tense - knew; verb

1) (to be aware of or to have been informed about: He knows everything; I know he is at home because his car is in the drive; He knows all about it; I know of no reason why you cannot go.) wissen

2) (to have learned and to remember: He knows a lot of poetry.) kennen

3) (to be aware of the identity of; to be friendly with: I know Mrs Smith - she lives near me.) kennen

4) (to (be able to) recognize or identify: You would hardly know her now - she has become very thin; He knows a good car when he sees one.) erkennen

•

- knowing
- knowingly
- know-all
- know-how
- in the know
- know backwards
- know better
- know how to
- know the ropes
* * *

know

[nəʊ, AM noʊ]

I. TRANSITIVE VERB

<knew, known>

1. (have information/knowledge)

▪ to \know sth etw wissen; facts, results etw kennen

she \knows all the names of them sie kennt all ihre Namen

does anyone \know the answer? weiß jemand die Antwort?

do you \know...? weißt du/wissen Sie...?

do you \know the time/where the post office is? können Sie mir bitte sagen, wie spät es ist/wo die Post ist?

do you \know the words to this song? kennst du den Text von diesem Lied?

he really \knows particle physics in Teilchenphysik kennt er sich wirklich gut aus

I \know no fear ich habe vor nichts Angst

I \know what I am talking about ich weiß, wovon ich rede

how was I to \know it'd be snowing in June! wer ahnt denn schon, dass es im Juni schneien würde!

that's worth \knowing das ist gut zu wissen

that might be worth \knowing das wäre gut zu wissen

that's what I like to \know too das würde ich auch gerne wissen!

— don't I \know it! — wem sagst du das!

before you \know where you are ehe man sich versieht

for all I \know soweit ich weiß

they might have even cancelled the project for all I \know vielleicht haben sie das Projekt ja sogar ganz eingestellt — weiß man's! fam

I knew it! wusste ich's doch! fam

... and you \know it... und das weißt du auch; ( fam)

you \know something [or what]? weißt du was? fam

... I \know what... ich weiß was

but she's not to \know aber sie soll nichts davon erfahren

God \knows I've done my best ich habe weiß Gott mein Bestes gegeben; ( fam)

God only \knows what'll happen next! weiß der Himmel, was als Nächstes passiert! sl

▪ to \know [that]/if/how/what/when/why... wissen, dass/ob/wie/was/wann/warum...

▪ to \know sb/sth to be/do sth wissen, dass jd/etw etw ist/tut

the police \know him to be a cocaine dealer die Polizei weiß, dass er mit Kokain handelt

▪ to \know how to do sth wissen, wie man etw macht

to \know how to drive a car Auto fahren können

▪ to \know sth about sth/sb etw über etw/jdn wissen

to \know the alphabet/English das Alphabet/Englisch können

do you \know any Norwegian? können Sie ein bisschen Norwegisch?

to \know sth by heart etw auswendig können

to \know what one is doing wissen, was man tut

to let sb \know sth jdn etw wissen lassen

2. (be certain)

▪ to not \know whether... sich dat nicht sicher sein, ob...

to not \know which way to turn nicht wissen, was man machen soll

to not \know whether to laugh or cry nicht wissen, ob man lachen oder weinen soll

to \know for a fact that... ganz sicher wissen, dass...

3. (be acquainted with)

▪ to \know sb jdn kennen

\knowing Sarah [or if I \know Sarah], she'll have done a good job so wie ich Sarah kenne, hat sie ihre Sache bestimmt gut gemacht

we've \known each other for years now wir kennen uns schon seit Jahren

she \knows Paris well sie kennt sich in Paris gut aus

surely you \know me better than that! du solltest mich eigentlich besser kennen!

you \know what it's like du weißt ja, wie das [so] ist

we all knew her as a kind and understanding colleague uns allen war sie als liebenswerte und einfühlsame Kollegin bekannt

I'm sure you all \know the new officer by reputation sicherlich haben Sie alle schon mal von dem neuen Offizier gehört

to \know sth like the back of one's hand etw wie seine eigene Westentasche kennen fam

to \know sb by name/by sight/personally jdn dem Namen nach/vom Sehen/persönlich kennen

to get to \know sb jdn kennenlernen

to get to \know sth methods etw lernen; faults etw herausfinden

to get to \know each other sich akk kennenlernen

to [not] \know sb to speak to jdn [nicht] näher kennen

4. (have understanding)

▪ to \know sth etw verstehen

do you \know what I mean? verstehst du, was ich meine?

if you \know what I mean wenn du verstehst, was ich meine

5. (experience)

I've never \known anything like this so etwas akk habe ich noch nicht erlebt

I've never \known her [to] cry ich habe sie noch nie weinen sehen

6. (recognize)

▪ to \know sb/sth jdn/etw erkennen

I \know a goodbye when I hear one ich hab' schon verstanden, dass du dich von mir trennen willst! fam

I \know a good thing when I see it ich merke gleich, wenn was gut ist

we all \know him as ‘Curly’ wir alle kennen ihn als ‚Curly‘

this is the end of world as we \know it das ist das Ende der Welt, so wie wir sie kennen

these chocolate bars are \known as something else in the US diese Schokoladenriegel laufen in den USA unter einem anderen Namen

I knew her for a liar the minute I saw her ich habe vom ersten Augenblick an gewusst, dass sie eine Lügnerin ist

▪ to \know sb/sth by sth jdn/etw an etw dat erkennen

to \know sb by his/her voice/walk jdn an seiner Stimme/seinem Gang erkennen

sb wouldn't \know sth if he/she bumped into it [or if he/she fell over it] [or if it hit him/her in the face] jd würde etw akk nicht mal erkennen, wenn es vor ihm/ihr stehen würde

7. (be able to differentiate)

▪ to \know sth/sb from sth/sb etw/jdn von etw/jdm unterscheiden können

Ana wouldn't \know a greyhound from a collie Ana kann einen Windhund nicht von einem Collie unterscheiden

you wouldn't \know him from his brother man kann ihn und seinen Bruder nicht unterscheiden!

don't worry, she wouldn't \know the difference keine Angst, sie wird den Unterschied [gar] nicht merken

to \know right from wrong Gut und Böse unterscheiden können

8. passive (well-known)

▪ to be \known for sth für etw akk bekannt sein

▪ it is \known that... es ist bekannt, dass...

to make sth \known etw bekanntmachen

she's never been \known to laugh at his jokes sie hat bekanntlich noch nie über seine Witze gelacht

this substance is \known to cause skin problems es ist bekannt, dass diese Substanz Hautirritationen hervorruft

this substance has been \known to cause skin problems diese Substanz hat in einzelnen Fällen zu Hautirritationen geführt

Terry is also \known as ‘The Muscleman’ Terry kennt man auch unter dem Namen ‚der Muskelmann‘

9.

▶ to not \know sb from Adam keinen blassen Schimmer haben, wer jd ist fam

▶ to \know all the answers immer alles besser wissen pej; (have real knowledge) sich akk auskennen

▶ to \know no bounds keine Grenzen kennen

▶ to not \know one end of sth from the other keine Ahnung von etw dat haben fam

▶ to not \know what hit one nicht wissen, wie einem geschieht

▶ not if I \know it nicht mit mir!

▶ to \know one's own mind wissen, was man will

▶ to \know one's place wissen, wo man steht

▶ to not \know where to put oneself BRIT am liebsten in den Boden versinken fam

▶ to \know the ropes sich akk auskennen

▶ to \know sb [in the biblical sense] ( hum) mit jdm eine Nummer geschoben haben sl

▶ to \know the score wissen, was gespielt wird

▶ to \know which side one's bread is buttered on wissen, wo was zu holen ist fam

▶ to \know one's stuff [or BRIT also onions] sein Geschäft [o Handwerk] verstehen

▶ to \know a thing or two ( pej fam: be sexually experienced) sich akk [mit Männern/Frauen] auskennen

▶ to \know a thing or two about sth (know from experience) sich akk mit etw dat auskennen

▶ to \know what's what wissen, wo's langgeht fam

▶ what do you \know! was weißt du denn schon?; esp AM ( fam: surprise) wer hätte das gedacht!

II. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<knew, known>

1. (have knowledge) [Bescheid] wissen

ask Kate, she's sure to \know frag Kate, sie weiß es bestimmt

I think she \knows ich glaube, sie weiß Bescheid

where did he go? — I wouldn't [or don't] \know, I was not to \know until years later das sollte ich erst Jahre später erfahren, wo ist er hingegangen? — keine Ahnung

are you going to university? — I don't \know yet willst du studieren? — ich weiß [es] noch nicht

you never \know man kann nie wissen

as [or so] far as I \know so viel [o weit] ich weiß

how am I to \know? woher soll ich das wissen?

who \knows? wer weiß?

how should I \know? wie soll ich das wissen?

I \know! jetzt weiß ich!

Mummy \knows best what to do Mutti weiß am besten, was zu tun ist

she didn't want to \know sie wollte nichts davon wissen

just let me \know ok? sag' mir einfach Bescheid, ok?

2. ( fam: understand) begreifen

“I don't \know,” he said, “why can't you ever be on time?” „ich begreife das einfach nicht“, sagte er, „warum kannst du nie pünktlich sein?“

3. (said to agree with sb)

I \know ich weiß

the weather's been so good lately — I \know, isn't it wonderful! das Wetter war in letzter Zeit wirklich schön — ja, herrlich, nicht wahr?

4. ( fam: for emphasis)

she's such a fool, don't you \know! sie ist so unglaublich dumm!

5. (conversation filler)

give him the red box, you \know, the one with the.... gib ihm die rote Kiste, du weißt schon, die mit den...

he's so boring and, you \know, sort of spooky er ist so langweilig und, na ja, irgendwie unheimlich

he asked me, you \know weißt du, er hat mich halt gefragt

6.

▶ to \know better:

you ought to \know better du solltest es eigentlich besser wissen

he said he loved me but I \know better er sagte, dass er mich liebt, aber ich weiß, dass es nicht stimmt

▶ to \know better than:

I \know better than to go out in this weather ich werde mich hüten, bei dem Wetter rauszugehen fam

she's old enough to \know better than to run out into the traffic sie ist alt genug, um zu wissen, dass man nicht einfach auf die Straße läuft

▶ to not \know any better es nicht anders kennen

III. NOUN

no pl

to be in the \know [about sth] [über etw akk] im Bilde sein [o Bescheid wissen]

* * *
[nəʊ] vb: pret knew, ptp known
1. TRANSITIVE VERB

1) = have knowledge about wissen; answer, facts, dates, details, results etc kennen, wissen; French, English etc können

he knew her to be guilty — er wusste, dass sie schuldig war

to know what one is talking about — wissen, wovon man redet

to know one's own mind — wissen, was man will

she knows all the answers — sie weiß Bescheid, sie kennt sich aus; (pej) sie weiß immer alles besser

he might even be dead for all I know — vielleicht ist er sogar tot, was weiß ich

he thinks he knows all the answers or everything —

that's what I'd like to know ( too) — das möchte ich auch wissen

THAT'S what I'd like to know — das möchte ich wirklich wissen

that's worth knowing — das ist ja interessant

that might be worth knowing — es könnte interessant sein, das zu wissen

before you know where you are — ehe man sichs versieht

I've been a fool and don't I know it! (inf) — ich sehs ja ein, ich war doof (inf), ich war vielleicht doof (inf)

she's angry! – don't I know it! (inf) — sie ist wütend! – wem sagst du das! (inf)

2) = be acquainted with people, places, book, author kennen

I know Bavaria well — ich kenne Bayern gut, ich kenne mich gut in Bayern aus

do you know him to speak to? —

we all know her as the headmistress/a generous person — wir kennen Sie alle als die Schulleiterin/einen großzügigen Menschen

if I know John, he'll already be there — wie ich John kenne, ist er schon da

he didn't want to know me — er wollte nichts mit mir zu tun haben

know thyself! — erkenne dich selbst!

3) = recognize erkennen

to know sb by his voice/walk etc — jdn an der Stimme/am Gang etc erkennen

would you know him again? — würden Sie ihn wiedererkennen?

he knows a good thing when he sees it — er weiß, was gut ist

he knows a bargain/good manuscript when he sees one — er weiß, was ein guter Kauf/ein gutes Manuskript ist

this is the end of the welfare system as we know it — das ist das Ende des uns bekannten Wohlfahrtssystems

4) = be able to distinguish unterscheiden können

don't you know your right from your left? — können Sie rechts und links nicht unterscheiden?

you wouldn't know him from his brother — Sie könnten ihn nicht von seinem Bruder unterscheiden

do you know the difference between...? —

to know the difference between right and wrong, to know right from wrong — den Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse kennen, Gut und Böse unterscheiden können

he wouldn't know the difference — das merkt er nicht

he doesn't know one end of a horse/hammer from the other — er hat keine Ahnung von Pferden/keine Ahnung, was ein Hammer ist (inf)

5) = experience erleben

I've never known it to rain so heavily — so einen starken Regen habe ich noch nie erlebt

I've never known him (to) smile — ich habe ihn noch nie lächeln sehen, ich habe es noch nie erlebt, dass er lächelt

have you ever known me (to) tell a lie? — haben Sie mich jemals lügen hören?

have you ever known such a thing to happen before? — haben Sie je schon so etwas erlebt?, ist Ihnen so etwas schon einmal vorgekommen?

6) BIBL (obs sexually) erkennen

2. INTRANSITIVE VERB
wissen
who knows? — wer weiß?, weiß ichs?

I know! — ich weiß!, weiß ich (doch)!; (having a good idea) ich weiß was!, ich habe eine Idee!

I don't know — (das) weiß ich nicht

as far as I know — soviel ich weiß, meines Wissens

he just didn't want to know — er wollte einfach nicht hören

afterwards they just didn't want to know — nachher wollten sie einfach nichts mehr davon wissen

I wouldn't know (inf) — weiß ich (doch) nicht (inf)

don't you know? — weißt du das denn nicht?

how should I know? — wie soll ich das wissen?

how was I to know? — wie sollte ich das wissen?

I'm damned if I know (inf) — ich habe echt keinen Schimmer

the channel was rough, as I well know or as well I know! — die Überfahrt war stürmisch, das kann ich dir sagen

3. SET STRUCTURES
__diams; to know that... wissen, dass...Note that while in English that can be omitted, in German dass must be used to introduce the next sentence.
when I saw the ambulance, I knew (that) something was wrong — als ich den Krankenwagen sah, wusste ich, dass etwas nicht stimmte __diams; to know why... wissen, warum...

he didn't know why — er wusste nicht, warum

I don't know why you think it's so funny — ich weiß nicht, was du daran so komisch findest

to know how to do sth (in theory) — wissen, wie man etw macht; (in practice) etw tun können

I know how you feel — ich weiß, wie Sie sich fühlen

I don't know how you can say that! — wie kannst du das nur sagen!

you don't know how good it is to see you again — Sie wissen gar nicht, wie sehr ich mich freue, Sie wiederzusehen

I know better than that — ich bin ja nicht ganz dumm

I know better than to say something like that —

he knows better than to eat into the profits — er ist nicht so dumm, den Gewinn anzugreifen

he/you ought to have known better — das war dumm (von ihm/dir)

he ought to have or should have known better than to do that — es war dumm von ihm, das zu tun

you ought to know better at your age — in deinem Alter müsste man das aber (besser) wissen

they don't know any better — sie kennens nicht anders

he says he didn't do it, but I know better — er sagt, er war es nicht, aber ich weiß, dass das nicht stimmt

OK, you know best — o.k., Sie müssens wissen

mother always knows best — Mutter weiß es am besten

to get to know sb — jdn kennenlernen

to get to know sth (methods, techniques, style, pronunciation etc) — etw lernen; habits, faults, shortcuts etc etw herausfinden

to get to know a place — einen Ort kennenlernen

he soon let me know what he thought of it —

when can you let me know? — wann können Sie es mich wissen lassen?, wann können Sie mir Bescheid sagen?

you know, we could/there is... — weißt du, wir könnten/da ist...

he gave it away, you know — er hat es nämlich weggegeben

it's raining, you know —

then there was this man, you know, and... — und da war dieser Mann, nicht (wahr), und...

wear the black dress, you know, the one with the red belt —

it's long and purple and, you know, sort of crinkly — es ist lang und lila und, na ja, so kraus

(if you) know what I mean — du weißt schon __diams; you never know man kann nie wissen

it was nothing to do with me, I'll have you know! — es hatte nichts mit mir zu tun, damit du es weißt! __diams; there's no knowing (inf) das kann keiner sagen, das weiß niemand

there's no knowing what he'll do — man weiß nie, was er noch tut __diams; what do you know! (inf) sieh mal einer an!

what do you know! I've just seen her! (inf) — stellen Sie sich vor, ich habe sie eben gesehen __diams; to be known → also known

to be known (to sb) — (jdm) bekannt sein

it is (well) known that... —

is he/it known here? — ist er/das hier bekannt?, kennt man ihn/das hier?

to be known for sth — für etw bekannt sein

he is known to have been here — man weiß, dass er hier war

he is known as Mr Smith — man kennt ihn als Herrn Smith

she wishes to be known as Mrs White — sie möchte Frau White genannt werden → also known __diams; to make sb/sth known jdn/etw bekannt machen

to make it known that... — bekannt geben, dass...

to make oneself known — sich melden (to sb bei jdm)

to make one's presence known — sich melden (to bei) __diams; to become known bekannt werden

4. NOUN
__diams; to be in the know inf eingeweiht sein, im Bild sein (inf), Bescheid wissen (inf)
the people in the know say... — Leute, die darüber Bescheid wissen, sagen..., die Fachleute sagen...

5. PHRASAL VERBS

* * *

know [nəʊ]

A v/t prät knew [njuː; US besonders nuː], pperf known [nəʊn]

1. allg wissen:

he knows what to do er weiß, was zu tun ist;

I don’t know how to thank you ich weiß nicht, wie ich Ihnen danken soll;

know all about it genau Bescheid wissen;

don’t I know it!

a) und ob ich das weiß!,

b) als ob ich das nicht wüsste!;

I would have you know that … ich möchte Ihnen klarmachen, dass …;

I have never known him to lie meines Wissens hat er noch nie gelogen;

he knows a thing or two umg er ist nicht von gestern, er weiß ganz gut Bescheid ( about über akk);

I don’t know much about football ich versteh nicht viel von Fußball;

what do you know! umg na so was!;

and he knows it umg das weiß er ganz genau; → answer A 1, good B 10, what Bes Redew

2. a) können:

he knows (some) German er kann (etwas) Deutsch; → business A 1, onion, rope A 1, etc

b) know how to do sth etwas tun können:

do you know how to do it? weißt du, wie man das macht?, kannst du das?;

he knows how to treat children er versteht mit Kindern umzugehen;

do you know how to drive a car? können Sie Auto fahren?;

he doesn’t know how to lose er kann nicht verlieren

3. kennen:

a) auch know one’s way around sich auskennen in (dat):

do you know this place? kennen Sie sich hier aus?

b) mit einem Roman etc vertraut sein:

know sth backwards (US backward[s] and forward[s]) umg etwas in- und auswendig kennen

c) bekannt sein mit:

I have known him (for) five years ich kenne ihn (schon) seit fünf Jahren;

after I first knew him nachdem ich seine Bekanntschaft gemacht hatte; → Adam, get C 2

4. erfahren, erleben:

he has known better days er hat schon bessere Tage gesehen;

I have known it to happen ich habe das schon erlebt

5. a) (wieder)erkennen (by an dat):

I would know him anywhere ich würde ihn überall erkennen;

before you know where you are im Handumdrehen;

I don’t know whether I will know him again ich weiß nicht, ob ich ihn wiedererkennen werde

b) unterscheiden (können):

know apart auseinanderhalten;

know one from the other einen vom anderen unterscheiden können, die beiden auseinanderhalten können

6. BIBEL (geschlechtlich) erkennen

B v/i wissen (of von, um), im Bilde sein oder Bescheid wissen ( about über akk), Kenntnis haben ( about von):

I know of sb who … ich weiß oder kenne jemanden, der …;

I know better! so dumm bin ich nicht!;

you ought to know better (than that) das sollten Sie besser wissen, so dumm werden Sie doch nicht sein;

know better than to do sth sich davor hüten, etwas zu tun;

he ought to know better than to go swimming after a big meal er sollte so viel Verstand haben zu wissen, dass man nach einer ausgiebigen Mahlzeit nicht baden geht;

not that I know of nicht dass ich wüsste;

do ( oder don’t) you know? umg nicht wahr?;

you know wissen Sie;

this isn’t the Ritz, you know wir sind hier nicht im Ritz!;

he is an alcoholic as you know ( oder as everybody knows) er ist bekanntlich Alkoholiker;

you never know man kann nie wissen;

I’ll let you know ich geb dir Bescheid

C s be in the know Bescheid wissen, im Bilde oder eingeweiht sein

* * *
1. transitive verb,
knew, known

1) (recognize) erkennen (by an + Dat., for als + Akk.)

2) (be able to distinguish)

know something from something — etwas von etwas unterscheiden können

know the difference between right and wrong — den Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse kennen

he wouldn't know the difference — er wüsste den Unterschied nicht

3) (be aware of) wissen; kennen [Person]

I know who she is — ich weiß, wer sie ist

I know for a fact that... — ich weiß ganz bestimmt, dass...

it is known that... — man weiß, dass...; es ist bekannt, dass...

know somebody/something to be... — wissen, dass jemand/etwas... ist

that's/that might be worth knowing — das ist gut/wäre wichtig zu wissen

he doesn't want to know — er will nichts davon wissen od. hören

I knew it — ich hab's ja geahnt

I know what — ich weiß was (ugs.)

you know — (coll.): (as reminder) weißt du [noch]

you know something or what? — weißt du was?

you never know — man kann nie wissen (ugs.)

somebody has [never] been known to do something — jemand hat bekanntlich [noch nie] etwas getan

and he knows it — und er weiß das auch

don't I know it! — (coll.) das weiß ich nur zu gut

before somebody knows where he is — ehe jemand sich's versieht

what do you know [about that]? — (coll.): (that is surprising) was sagst du dazu?

somebody is not to know — (is not to be told) jemand soll nichts wissen (about, of von); (has no way of learning) jemand kann nicht wissen

not know what hit one — (fig.) gar nicht begreifen, was geschehen ist

that's all you know [about it] — das glaubst du vielleicht

if you must know — wenn du es unbedingt wissen willst

know different or otherwise — es besser wissen

know what's what — wissen, wie es in der Welt zugeht

how should I know? — woher soll ich das wissen?

I might have known — das hätte ich mir denken können

do you know,... — stell dir [mal] vor,...

4) (have understanding of) können [ABC, Einmaleins, Deutsch usw.]; beherrschen [Grundlagen, Regeln]; sich auskennen mit [Gerät, Verfahren, Gesetz]

do you know any German? — können Sie etwas Deutsch?

know how to mend fuses — wissen, wie man Sicherungen repariert

know how to drive a car — Auto fahren können

he doesn't know much about computers — er hat nicht viel Ahnung von Computern

5) (be acquainted with) kennen

we have known each other for years — wir kennen uns [schon] seit Jahren

you don't really know him — du kennst ihn nicht gut genug

you know what he/it is — (is like) du kennst ihn ja/du weißt ja, wie es ist

6) (have experience of) erleben; erfahren

he knows no fear — er kennt keine Furcht

know what it is to be hungry — wissen, was es heißt, Hunger zu haben
2. noun
(coll.)

be in the know — Bescheid wissen

Phrasal Verbs:

- know about

- know of

* * *

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: knew, known)

= kennen v.

(§ p.,pp.: kannte, gekannt)

wissen v.

(§ p.,pp.: wußte, gewußt)

English-german dictionary > know
13 end

end
1. noun
1) (the last or farthest part of the length of something: the house at the end of the road; both ends of the room; Put the tables end to end (= with the end of one touching the end of another); (also adjective) We live in the end house.) final, extremo, cabo

2) (the finish or conclusion: the end of the week; The talks have come to an end; The affair is at an end; He is at the end of his strength; They fought bravely to the end; If she wins the prize we'll never hear the end of it (= she will often talk about it).) fin, final, conclusión

3) (death: The soldiers met their end bravely.) muerte

4) (an aim: What end have you in view?) objetivo, finalidad

5) (a small piece left over: cigarette ends.) resto

2. verb
(to bring or come to an end: The scheme ended in disaster; How does the play end?; How should I end (off) this letter?) terminar

- ending
- endless
- at a loose end
- end up
- in the end
- make both ends meet
- make ends meet
- no end of
- no end
- on end
- put an end to
- the end

end¹ n final / fin

turn right at the end of this street al final de esta calle, gira a la derecha

I missed the end of the film me perdí el final de la película

at the end of August a finales de agosto

the end of the world el fin del mundo

in the end al final

in the end he married the princess al final se casó con la princesa

end² vb terminar / acabar

the party ended at midnight la fiesta terminó a medianoche

how does the film end? ¿cómo acaba la película?

end

tr[end]

noun

1 (extremity - of rope) cabo; (- of street, room, queue) final nombre masculino; (- of table, sofa, bed, line) extremo; (- of stick, tail, hair) punta; (- of box) lado

■ we sat at opposite ends of the table estábamos sentados en los extremos opuestos de la mesa

■ let's meet at the end of the road quedamos al final de la calle

2 (final part, finish) fin nombre masculino, final nombre masculino, conclusión nombre femenino

■ have you got enough money to last until the end of the month? ¿tienes suficiente dinero para llegar hasta final del mes?

■ what did you think of the end of the film? ¿qué te pareció el final de la película?

3 (aim) objeto, objetivo, fin nombre masculino

■ for political ends para fines políticos

4 (remnant) resto, cabo; (of cigarette) colilla

5 euphemistic use muerte nombre femenino

6 (on telephone) lado (de la línea)

7 (half of sports pitch) lado

adjective

1 final, último,-a

■ they live in the end house viven en la última casa

transitive verb

1 (conclude) acabar, terminar

2 (stop) terminar, poner fin a, acabar con

■ they decided to end the strike decidieron terminar la huelga

intransitive verb

1 acabar, terminar

■ when does term end? ¿cuándo acaba el trimestre?

■ our journey ends here nuestro viaje acaba aquí

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

(not) to be the end of the world (no) ser el fin del mundo

at the end of al final de

at the end of one's tether hasta la coronilla

at the end of the day al fin y al cabo, al final

end on de frente

end to end juntando los dos extremos

in the end al fin

no end muchísimo

■ it annoys me no end me molesta muchísimo

no end of la mar de, la tira de, cantidad de

■ no end of problems cantidad de problemas

on end (upright) sobre el extremo 2 (continuously) enteros,-as

■ for hours on end durante horas y horas

till the end of time para siempre más

to be an end in itself ser un fin en sí mismo

to be at a loose end no tener nada que hacer

to be at an end estar acabado,-a

to be the end ser el colmo

to come/draw to an end acabarse

to end it all suicidarse

to go to the ends of the earth ir hasta el fin del mundo, ir hasta los confines de la tierra

to keep one's end up seguir animado,-a

to make ends meet llegar a final de mes

to put an end to something poner fin a algo, acabar con algo

end product producto final

loose ends cabos nombre masculino plural sueltos

end ['ɛnd] vt

1) stop: terminar, poner fin a

2) conclude: concluir, terminar

end vi

: terminar(se), acabar, concluir(se)

end n

1) extremity: extremo m, final m, punta f

2) conclusion: fin m, final m

3) aim: fin m

end

adj.

• final adj.

n.

• acabamiento s.m.

• cabo s.m.

• cola s.f.

• extremo s.m.

• fin s.m.

• final s.m.

• finalidad s.f.

• límite s.m.

• objeto s.m.

• término s.m.

v.

• acabar v.

• cesar v.

• clausurar v.

• concluir v.

• terminar v.

• ultimar v.

end
I

noun

1)

a) (extremity - of rope, stick) extremo m, punta f; (- of nose) punta f; (- of street) final m

at the other/far end of the garden — al otro extremo/al fondo del jardín

from one end of the country to the other — de punta a punta or de un extremo a otro del país

the top end of the range — lo mejor de la gama

to stand something on (its) end — poner* algo vertical, parar algo (AmL)

for weeks on end — durante semanas y semanas, durante semanas enteras

it measured five feet (from) end to end — medía cinco pies de un lado al otro or de punta a punta

not to know/be able to tell one end of something from the other — no tener* ni idea de algo (fam)

to be at the end of one's rope o (BrE) tether: I'm at the end of my rope ya no puedo más or ya no aguanto más; to go off at the deep end (colloq) ponerse* como una fiera; to make ends meet — llegar* a fin de mes; see also deep end

b) (part, side) (colloq) parte f (fam)

are there any problems at your end? — ¿hay algún problema por tu lado?

c) ( remaining part) final m, resto m

2)

a) (finish, close) fin m, final m

the end — fin

at the end of the month — a fin de mes

she read it to the very end — lo leyó hasta el fin or final

just give him the money and let that be an end of o to it — dale el dinero y que no se hable más

that was the end of the story — ahí (se) acabó or terminó la historia

we'll never hear the end of this — nunca nos va a dejar olvidar esto

in the end — al final

to put an end to something — poner* fin or poner* punto final a algo

at the end of the day — ( finally) al fin y al cabo, a fin de cuentas; ( lit) al acabar or terminar el día

b) (death, destruction) final m, fin m

they met a violent end — tuvieron un final or fin violento

to come to a sticky end — (BrE) acabar or terminar mal

c) ( outcome) final m

d)

no end — (BrE colloq)

there were no end of people there — había la mar or la tira de gente (fam)

we enjoyed ourselves no end — nos divertimos a más no poder (fam)

3) ( purpose) fin m

an end in itself — un fin en sí mismo

to use something for one's own ends — usar algo para sus (or mis etc) propios fines

to this end — (frml) con or a este fin (frml)

II
1.

transitive verb

a) ( stop) \<\<argument/discussion/fight\>\> terminar, dar* or poner* fin a; \<\<gossip/speculation\>\> acabar or terminar con

b) ( conclude) terminar, concluir* (frml)

2.

vi acabar, terminar

it will all end in tears — va a acabar or terminar mal

a word ending in `x' — una palabra que termina en `x'

Phrasal Verbs:

- end up

[end]
1. N

1) [of street] final m ; [of line, table] extremo m ; [of rope, stick] punta f ; [of estate] límite m ; (Sport) lado m ; [of town] parte f, zona f

• at the end of — [+ street, corridor] al final de; [+ rope, cable] en la punta de

• to change ends — (Sport) cambiar de lado

• the ends of the earth — (fig) el ultimo rincón del mundo

to go to the ends of the earth — ir hasta el fin del mundo

• from one end to the other — de un extremo a otro

• the end of the line — (fig) el término, el acabóse

• to stand sth on end — poner algo de punta

his hair stood on end — se le puso el pelo de punta

• the end of the road — (fig) el término, el acabóse

• from end to end — de punta a punta

to place end to end — poner uno tras otro

• to read a book to the very end — leer un libro hasta el mismo final

• to start at the wrong end — empezar por el fin

- keep one's end up

- tie up the loose ends

- make ends meet

- get hold of the wrong end of the stick

- be at the end of one's tether
deep 1., 1), shallow 1., 1)
2) [of time, process, journey, resources] fin m, final m ; [of story] fin m, conclusión f

the end of the empire — el fin del imperio

at the end of three months — al cabo de tres meses

at the end of the century — a fines del siglo

towards the end of — [+ book, film] hacia el final de; [+ century] hacia fines de; [+ month] hacia fin de

that was the end of him — así terminó él

that's the end of the matter — asunto concluido

that was the end of that! — ¡y se acabó!

that was the end of our car * — así se acabó el coche

we'll never hear the end of it * — esto va a ser cuento de nunca acabar

there's no end to it * — esto no se acaba nunca

we see no end to it — no entrevemos posibilidad alguna de que termine

• to be at an end — [meeting, interview] haber concluido

to be at the end of — [+ strength, patience] estar al límite de

we're at the end of our supplies — se nos están agotando las provisiones

we are almost at the end of our holidays — se nos están acabando las vacaciones

to be at the end of one's resources — haber agotado los recursos

• to come to a bad end — acabar mal

• to the bitter end — hasta el último suspiro

• to bring to an end — [+ work, speech, relationship] dar por terminado

• to come to an end — llegar a su fin, terminarse

• to draw to an end — llegar a su fin, terminarse

• I am getting to the end of my patience — estoy llegando al límite de mi paciencia

• in the end — al fin

• to make an end of — acabar con, poner fin a

• I enjoyed it no end * — me gustó muchísimo

to think no end of sb — tener un muy alto concepto de algn

no end of * — la mar de *

it caused no end of trouble — causó la mar de problemas

no end of an expert — sumamente experto, más experto que nadie

• three days on end — tres días seguidos

for days on end — día tras día, durante una infinidad de días

for hours on end — hora tras hora

• to put an end to — [+ argument, relationship, sb's tricks] poner fin a, acabar con

• that's the end! * — ¡eso es el colmo!

he's the end! * — ¡es el colmo!

that movie is the end! — (US) * esa película es el no va más

• without end — interminable

• the end of the world — el fin del mundo

it's not the end of the world * — el mundo no se va a acabar por eso

- at the end of the day

3) (=death) liter or hum muerte f

to meet one's end — encontrar la muerte

4) (=remnant) [of loaf, candle, meat] resto m, cabo m

the end of a roll — [of cloth, carpet] el retal de un rollo
cigarette 2.
5) (=aim) fin m, propósito m

an end in itself — un fin en sí

the end justifies the means — el fin justifica los medios

• to achieve one's end — alcanzar su objetivo

• to no end — en vano

to the end that... — a fin de que + subjun

to this end, with this end in view — con este propósito

• with what end? — ¿para qué?

2.

VT [+ argument] terminar, poner fin a; [+ book] concluir; [+ speech] concluir, terminar; [+ relationship] terminar; [+ abuse, speculation] acabar con

• that was the meal to end all meals! * — ¡eso fue el no va más en comidas!

• to end one's days — vivir sus últimos días

• to end it all * — suicidarse

• to end one's life — suicidarse

3.

VI [lesson, work, war, meeting] terminar, acabar, concluir more frm ; [road] terminar(se); [period of time, programme, film, story] terminar

• to end by saying — terminar diciendo

• to end in — terminar en

• to end with — terminar con

4.

CPD

end date N — [of contract] fecha f de terminación

end game N — (Chess) fase f final

the end house N — la última casa

end line N — (Basketball) línea f de fondo

end note N — nota f final

end product N — (Ind) producto m final; (fig) consecuencia f

end result N — resultado m

end table N — (US) mesita f (para poner revistas, bebidas)

end user N — usuario(-a) m / f final

end value N — valor m final

end zone N — (American Ftbl) zona f de marca

- end off

- end up

* * *
[end]
I

noun

1)

a) (extremity - of rope, stick) extremo m, punta f; (- of nose) punta f; (- of street) final m

at the other/far end of the garden — al otro extremo/al fondo del jardín

from one end of the country to the other — de punta a punta or de un extremo a otro del país

the top end of the range — lo mejor de la gama

to stand something on (its) end — poner* algo vertical, parar algo (AmL)

for weeks on end — durante semanas y semanas, durante semanas enteras

it measured five feet (from) end to end — medía cinco pies de un lado al otro or de punta a punta

not to know/be able to tell one end of something from the other — no tener* ni idea de algo (fam)

to be at the end of one's rope o (BrE) tether: I'm at the end of my rope ya no puedo más or ya no aguanto más; to go off at the deep end (colloq) ponerse* como una fiera; to make ends meet — llegar* a fin de mes; see also deep end

b) (part, side) (colloq) parte f (fam)

are there any problems at your end? — ¿hay algún problema por tu lado?

c) ( remaining part) final m, resto m

2)

a) (finish, close) fin m, final m

the end — fin

at the end of the month — a fin de mes

she read it to the very end — lo leyó hasta el fin or final

just give him the money and let that be an end of o to it — dale el dinero y que no se hable más

that was the end of the story — ahí (se) acabó or terminó la historia

we'll never hear the end of this — nunca nos va a dejar olvidar esto

in the end — al final

to put an end to something — poner* fin or poner* punto final a algo

at the end of the day — ( finally) al fin y al cabo, a fin de cuentas; ( lit) al acabar or terminar el día

b) (death, destruction) final m, fin m

they met a violent end — tuvieron un final or fin violento

to come to a sticky end — (BrE) acabar or terminar mal

c) ( outcome) final m

d)

no end — (BrE colloq)

there were no end of people there — había la mar or la tira de gente (fam)

we enjoyed ourselves no end — nos divertimos a más no poder (fam)

3) ( purpose) fin m

an end in itself — un fin en sí mismo

to use something for one's own ends — usar algo para sus (or mis etc) propios fines

to this end — (frml) con or a este fin (frml)

II
1.

transitive verb

a) ( stop) \<\<argument/discussion/fight\>\> terminar, dar* or poner* fin a; \<\<gossip/speculation\>\> acabar or terminar con

b) ( conclude) terminar, concluir* (frml)

2.

vi acabar, terminar

it will all end in tears — va a acabar or terminar mal

a word ending in `x' — una palabra que termina en `x'

Phrasal Verbs:

- end up

English-spanish dictionary > end
14 know

[nəʊ, Am noʊ] vt <knew, known>

1)

( have information/ knowledge)

to \know sth etw wissen; facts, results etw kennen;

she \knows all the names of them sie kennt all ihre Namen;

does anyone \know the answer? weiß jemand die Antwort?;

do you \know...? weißt du/wissen Sie...?;

do you \know the time/where the post office is? können Sie mir bitte sagen, wie spät es ist/wo die Post ist?;

do you \know the words to this song? kennst du den Text von diesem Lied?;

he really \knows particle physics in Teilchenphysik kennt er sich wirklich gut aus;

I \know no fear ich habe vor nichts Angst;

I \know what I am talking about ich weiß, wovon ich rede;

how was I to \know it'd be snowing in June! wer ahnt denn schon, dass es im Juni schneien würde!;

that's worth \knowing das ist gut zu wissen;

that might be worth \knowing das wäre gut zu wissen;

that's what I like to \know too das würde ich auch gerne wissen!;

- don't I \know it! - wem sagst du das!;

before you \know where you are ehe man sich versieht;

for all I \know soweit ich weiß;

they might have even cancelled the project for all I \know vielleicht haben sie das Projekt ja sogar ganz eingestellt - weiß man's! ( fam)

I knew it! wusste ich's doch! ( fam)

... and you \know it... und das weißt du auch ( fam);

you \know something [or what] ? weißt du was? ( fam)

... I \know what... ich weiß was;

but she's not to \know aber sie soll nichts davon erfahren;

God \knows I've done my best ich habe weiß Gott mein Bestes gegeben ( fam);

God only \knows what'll happen next! weiß der Himmel, was als Nächstes passiert! (sl)

to \know [that]/if/ how/ what/ when/why... wissen, dass/ob/wie/was/wann/warum...;

to \know sb/ sth to be/ do sth wissen, dass jd/etw etw ist/tut;

the police \know him to be a cocaine dealer die Polizei weiß, dass er mit Kokain handelt;

to \know how to do sth wissen, wie man etw macht;

to \know how to drive a car Auto fahren können;

to \know sth about sth/sb etw über etw/jdn wissen;

to \know the alphabet/ English das Alphabet/Englisch können;

do you \know any Norwegian? können Sie ein bisschen Norwegisch?;

to \know sth by heart etw auswendig können;

to \know what one is doing wissen, was man tut;

to let sb \know sth jdn etw wissen lassen

2) ( be certain)

to not \know whether... sich dat nicht sicher sein, ob...;

to not \know which way to turn nicht wissen, was man machen soll;

to not \know whether to laugh or cry nicht wissen, ob man lachen oder weinen soll;

to \know for a fact that... ganz sicher wissen, dass...

3) ( be acquainted with)

to \know sb jdn kennen;

\knowing Sarah [or if I \know Sarah] , she'll have done a good job so wie ich Sarah kenne, hat sie ihre Sache bestimmt gut gemacht;

we've \known each other for years now wir kennen uns schon seit Jahren;

she \knows Paris well sie kennt sich in Paris gut aus;

surely you \know me better than that! du solltest mich eigentlich besser kennen!;

you \know what it's like du weißt ja, wie das [so] ist;

we all knew her as a kind and understanding colleague uns allen war sie als liebenswerte und einfühlsame Kollegin bekannt;

I'm sure you all \know the new officer by reputation sicherlich haben Sie alle schon mal von dem neuen Offizier gehört;

to \know sth like the back of one's hand etw wie seine eigene Westentasche kennen ( fam)

to \know sb by name/ by sight/ personally jdn dem Namen nach/vom Sehen/persönlich kennen;

to get to \know sb jdn kennen lernen;

to get to \know sth methods etw lernen; faults etw herausfinden;

to get to \know each other sich akk kennen lernen;

to [not] \know sb to speak to jdn [nicht] näher kennen

4) ( have understanding)

to \know sth etw verstehen;

do you \know what I mean? verstehst du, was ich meine?;

if you \know what I mean wenn du verstehst, was ich meine

5) ( experience)

I've never \known anything like this so etwas habe ich noch nicht erlebt;

I've never \known her [to] cry ich habe sie noch nie weinen sehen

6) ( recognize)

to \know sb/ sth jdn/etw erkennen;

I \know a goodbye when I hear one ich hab' schon verstanden, dass du dich von mir trennen willst! ( fam)

I \know a good thing when I see it ich merke gleich, wenn was gut ist;

we all \know him as ‘Curly’ wir alle kennen ihn als „Curly“;

this is the end of world as we \know it das ist das Ende der Welt, so wie wir sie kennen;

these chocolate bars are \known as something else in the US diese Schokoladenriegel laufen in den USA unter einem anderen Namen;

I knew her for a liar the minute I saw her ich habe vom ersten Augenblick an gewusst, dass sie eine Lügnerin ist;

to \know sb/ sth by sth jdn/etw an etw dat erkennen;

to \know sb by his/ her voice/ walk jdn an seiner Stimme/seinem Gang erkennen;

sb wouldn't \know sth if he/ she bumped into it [or if he/ she fell over it] [or if it hit him/ her in the face] jd würde etw nicht mal erkennen, wenn es vor ihm/ihr stehen würde

7) ( be able to differentiate)

to \know sth/ sb from sth/sb etw/jdn von etw/jdm unterscheiden können;

Maria wouldn't \know a greyhound from a collie Maria kann einen Windhund nicht von einem Collie unterscheiden;

you wouldn't \know him from his brother man kann ihn und seinen Bruder nicht unterscheiden!;

don't worry, she wouldn't \know the difference keine Angst, sie wird den Unterschied [gar] nicht merken;

to \know right from wrong Gut und Böse unterscheiden können

8) passive ( well-known)

to be \known for sth für etw akk bekannt sein;

it is \known that... es ist bekannt, dass...;

to make sth \known etw bekannt machen;

she's never been \known to laugh at his jokes sie hat bekanntlich noch nie über seine Witze gelacht;

this substance is \known to cause skin problems es ist bekannt, dass diese Substanz Hautirritationen hervorruft;

this substance has been \known to cause skin problems diese Substanz hat in einzelnen Fällen zu Hautirritationen geführt;

Terry is also \known as ‘The Muscleman’ Terry kennt man auch unter dem Namen ‚der Muskelmann‘

PHRASES:

to not \know sb from Adam keinen blassen Schimmer haben, wer jd ist ( fam)

to \know all the answers immer alles besser wissen ( pej) ( have real knowledge) sich akk auskennen;

to \know no bounds keine Grenzen kennen;

to not \know one end of sth from the other keine Ahnung von etw dat haben ( fam)

to \know one's own mind wissen, was man will;

to \know one's place wissen, wo man steht;

to \know the ropes sich akk auskennen;

to \know sb [in the biblical sense] (]) mit jdm eine Nummer geschoben haben (sl)

to \know the score wissen, was gespielt wird;

to \know which side one's bread is buttered on wissen, wo was zu holen ist ( fam)

to \know one's stuff [or (Brit a.) onions] sein Geschäft [o Handwerk] verstehen;

to \know a thing or two;

(pej fam: be sexually experienced) sich akk [mit Männern/Frauen] auskennen;

to \know a thing or two about sth ( know from experience) sich akk mit etw dat auskennen;

to \know what's what wissen, wo's langgeht ( fam)

what do you \know! was weißt du denn schon?;

( esp Am) (fam: surprise) wer hätte das gedacht!;

to not \know what hit one nicht wissen, wie einem geschieht;

to not \know where to put oneself ( Brit) am liebsten in den Boden versinken ( fam)

not if I \know it nicht mit mir! vi <knew, known>

1) ( have knowledge) [Bescheid] wissen;

ask Kate, she's sure to \know frag Kate, sie weiß es bestimmt;

I think she \knows ich glaube, sie weiß Bescheid;

where did he go? - I wouldn't [or don't] \know;

I was not to \know until years later das sollte ich erst Jahre später erfahren, wo ist er hingegangen? - keine Ahnung;

are you going to university? - I don't \know yet willst du studieren? - ich weiß [es] noch nicht;

you never \know man kann nie wissen;

as [or so] far as I \know so viel [o weit] ich weiß;

how am I to \know? woher soll ich das wissen?;

who \knows? wer weiß?;

how should I \know? wie soll ich das wissen?;

I \know! jetzt weiß ich!;

Mummy \knows best what to do Mutti weiß am besten, was zu tun ist;

she didn't want to \know sie wollte nichts davon wissen;

just let me \know ok? sag' mir einfach Bescheid, o.k.?

2) (fam: understand) begreifen;

‘I don't \know,’ he said, ‘why can't you ever be on time?’ „ich begreife das einfach nicht“, sagte er, „warum kannst du nie pünktlich sein?“

3) ( said to agree with sb)

I \know ich weiß;

the weather's been so good lately - I \know, isn't it wonderful! das Wetter war in letzter Zeit wirklich schön - ja, herrlich, nicht wahr?

4) (fam: for emphasis)

she's such a fool, don't you \know! sie ist so unglaublich dumm!

5) ( conversation filler)

give him the red box, you \know, the one with the.... gib ihm die rote Kiste, du weißt schon, die mit den...;

he's so boring and, you \know, sort of spooky er ist so langweilig und, na ja, irgendwie unheimlich;

he asked me, you \know weißt du, er hat mich halt gefragt

PHRASES:

you ought to \know better du solltest es eigentlich besser wissen;

I \know better than to go out in this weather ich werde mich hüten, bei dem Wetter rauszugehen ( fam)

she's old enough to \know better than to run out into the traffic sie ist alt genug, um zu wissen, dass man nicht einfach auf die Straße läuft;

he said he loved me but I \know better er sagte, dass er mich liebt, aber ich weiß, dass es nicht stimmt;

to not \know any better es nicht anders kennen n

no pl

to be in the \know [about sth] [über etw akk] im Bilde sein [o Bescheid wissen]

English-German students dictionary > know
15 see

1. I
abs

1) he can't see, he is blind он не видит, он слепей; can the puppy see? щенок [уже] видит /не слепой/?

2) I cannot see мне не видно; there is nothing to see тут нечего смотреть: as far as the eye can see насколько видит глаз; see, here he comes смотрите, вот он идет; it took place in the street, where all could see это произошло на улице на глазах у всех; wait and see подождем, = поживем see увидим

3) now, do you see? теперь вам ясно?; don't you see? неужели вы не понимаете?; see? понятно, ясно?; it was not easy, you see, to leave видите ли /вы понимаете, что/, уехать было не так просто

4) let me see, have I posted the letter? дай мне подумать, отправил ли я письмо?; let me see, it should be on the first page постой, постой, это должно быть на первой странице; will you come to dinner tomorrow? see I'll see вы придете обедать завтра? see [Я] подумаю /посмотрю/, видно будет
2. II
1) see in some manner see well (poorly, far, etc.) хорошо и т.д. видеть; have you seen enough? вы уже насмотрелись?; see somewhere you can't see here, it is dark здесь темно и ничего не видно; see overleaf смотри(те) на обороте; see far смотреть вперед, предвидеть; I can't see as far as that так далеко вперед я не могу загадывать /предвидеть/; as far as one can see, he has a brilliant career before him насколько можно судить, у него блестящее будущее /его ждет блестящая карьера

2) see at some time I see now теперь мне ясно
3. III
1) see smth., smb. see a letter (a tree, something green, the outline of a building, a stranger, etc.) (увидеть письмо и т.д.; let me see that paper дайте мне взглянуть на /посмотреть/ эту газету; I looked but saw nothing я посмотрел, но ничего не увидел; animals appear to see things invisible to human sight звери, вероятно, видят то, что остается недоступным человеческому глазу; what can /do/ you see? что вы видите?; see page 5 (pattern 4, figure 2, etc.) смотри(те) страницу пятую и т.д.; see ghosts (visions, spirits, bogies, etc.) видеть привидения и т.д.

2) see smb. see a friend (one's parents, etc.) повидаться с другом и т.д.; I'll be seeing you coll. [мы еще с вами] увидимся, до скорого свидания; see a doctor (a lawyer, etc.) пойти к врачу и т.д., (по)советоваться / (про)консультироваться/ с врачом и т.д.; see an official обратиться к официальному лицу; can I see the inspector? могу я поговорить /повидаться/ с инспектором?; ask to see the manager попросите вызвать администратора; he sees nobody он никого не принимает: come to /and/ see smb. прийти повидать /навестить/ кого-л.

3) see smth., smb. see a town (a country, a district, the sights, Rome, the world's Fair, Oxford, etc.) осматривать город и т.д.; have you ever seen France? бывали ли вы когда-либо во Франции?; [go to]a show (a play, an actress, etc.) [сходить] (подсмотреть спектакль и т.д.; did you see the exhibition? ты был, на выставке?; 1 went to see the exhibition я пошел посмотреть выставку

4) see smth., smb. have in a man to see the drains вызовите мастера, чтобы он проверил /осмотрел/ канализацию; see a patient принять /осмотреть, посетить/ больного

5) see smth. see life /something of life/ (a good deal of the world, etc.) повидать жизнь и т.д.; he has seen hardships он изведал трудности; this old man has seen better days старик видел лучшие времена; my саг (these boots, this coat, etc.) has seen long /plenty of/ service моя машина и т.д. хорошо [мне] послужила; this coat has seen hard wear это пальто поизносилось /пообтрепалось/; that year (the XIXth century, this period, the Elizabeth's reign, etc.) has seen many changes в этом году и т.д. произошло много перемен, этот год и т.д. явился свидетелем многих перемен; I never saw such rudeness (such doings, etc.) я никогда не сталкивался с такой грубостью и т.д.; I never saw such beauty мне никогда не доводилось встречаться с такой красотой; he will never see 40 again ему уже за сорок; he didn't live to see his son's marriage он не дожил до /не увидел/ женитьбы сына

6) see smth. see a joke (the purpose, the reason, the point of the argument, the advantage of his presence, the cause of our misfortune, etc.) понимать шутку и т.д.; I was beginning to see light я стал кое-что понимать, кое-что начало проясняться; I do not see the point я не вижу /не понимаю/, в чем здесь смысл; до меня не доходит суть /соль/; this is how I see it вот, как я это понимаю /представляю себе/; as I see it по-моему, по моему мнению; see things /a lot, much/ понимать /видеть/ многое; she sees everything мимо нее ничего не проходит, от нее ничего не ускользает; she sees nothing она ничего не замечает
4. IV
1) see smb., smth. in some manner see smb., smth. distinctly (clearly, faintly, vaguely, dimly, etc.) отчетливо и т.д. видеть кого-л., что-л. || see war at close quarters непосредственно участвовать в войне

2) see smb. in some manner see smb. willingly (joyfully, reluctantly, etc.) охотно и т.д. видаться с кем-л.; see the man professionaly обратиться к нему как к специалисту; see smb. at some time see smb. later (again, lately, often, tomorrow, this afternoon, etc.) встретиться с кем-л. позже и т.д.; I must see you once more я обязательно должен еще раз повидаться с вами; see you soon! coll. до скорой встречи, пока; the ambassador finally saw him посол наконец принял его; she is too ill to see anyone at present она очень больна, и ей нельзя сейчас ни с кем видеться

3) see smth. at some time we saw "Hamlet" last night мы были на "Гамлете" вчера

4) see smb. at some time he seems ill, the doctor ought to see him at once он, по-видимому, болен, его надо немедленно показать врачу

5) see smb. somewhere see smb. home see as far as the station, aboard, etc.) провожать кого-л. домой и т.д.; see smb. in проводить кого-л. в комнату (в дом и т.п.); see smb. out провожать кого-л. до выхода /к дверям/

6) see smth. in some manner see things differently представлять себе /смотреть на/ вещи иначе; I don't see the matter that way я смотрю на это иначе
5. VI
1) see smb. as being in some state see smb. angry (happy, etc.) видеть кого-л. сердитым и т.д.

2) see smb. under some conditions see smb. alone повидать кого-л. наедине

3) see smth. as possessing some quanta see it necessary (fit, proper, etc.) to do smth. считать /находить/ необходимым и т.д. сделать что-л.; see things wrong иметь обо всем превратное мнение; see everything black видеть все в черном свете
6. VII
1) see smb., smth. do smth. see the boy take the apples (the object move, them leave their home, him come, the dog run, etc.) видеть, как мальчик взял яблоки и т.д.; you cannot see your sister starve without trying to help her вы ведь не можете видеть, как ваша сестра голодает, и не попытаться ей помочь; see smth. to be smth. I saw it to be a forgery я увидел, что это подделка

2) || see one's way to do smth. понимать, как надо действовать; I don't see my way to get you an invitation я не вижу /не знаю/, как раздобыть /достать/ для вас приглашение; as soon as I see my way to do it... как только я соображу /пойму/, как это сделать...
7. VIII
see smb., smth. doing smth. see him falling (her coming, the boy running, the child slipping, him taking the apples, etc.) видеть, как он падает и т.д.; we can see the forest stretching out мы видим простирающийся вдаль лес; 1 can't see myself doing such a thing see myself agreeing to this proposal, myself submitting to this decision, him allowing people to cheat him, etc.) не могу себе представить, чтобы я так поступил и т.д.
8. IX
see smb., smth. done see the child kissed (him taken away, the house rebuilt, the city destroyed, etc.) видеть, как целуют ребенка и т.д.; I'd sacrifice everything rather than see you disgraced я готов пожертвовать всем, чтобы не видеть вашего позора; I want to see justice done я хочу [добиться того], чтобы восторжествовала справедливость
9. XI
1) be seen come where we cannot be seen пойдем куда-нибудь, где нас не увидят; see and not be seen смотреть /наблюдать/, но самому оставаться незамеченным; children should be seen but not heard детей в доме не должно быть слышно, даже когда они на глазах; he is not fit to be seen у него такой вид, что ему нельзя на люди показываться; there was not a house to be seen не было видно ни единого дома; that remains to be seen надо еще посмотреть /подумать/; be seen with smb. I would not саге to be seen with him мне бы не хотелось, чтобы меня видели с ним; be seen in some manner be dimly (clearly, etc.) seen быть плохо и т.д. видимым; the monument is vaguely seen in the distance издалека памятник едва видно; these tricks are easily seen все эти уловки насквозь видны; be seen from smth. be seen from a short distance (from afar, from a hill, etc.) быть видимым с небольшого расстояния и т.д.; be seen through smth. very little could be seen through the keyhole в замочную скважину мало что было видно; be seen with smth. the writing on the stamp can be seen with naked eyes буквы на марке можно рассмотреть /разглядеть/ невооруженным глазом; be seen by smb. it had never been seen by European eyes этого не видел ни один европеец; be seen somewhere the baggage was last seen at the station в последний раз багаж видели на станции; be seen to do smth. he was seen to fall (to come, to walk, etc.) видели, как он упал и т.д.; be seen doing smth. he was seen falling (coming, etc.) его видели падающим и т.д., видели, как он падал и т.д.; be seen like smth. the airship was seen like a speck in the sky самолет казался маленькой точкой в небе

2) be seen of smb. has anything been seen of him in the last two weeks? его кто-нибудь видел /встречал/ за последние две недели?; be seen in some place he is much seen in society он много бывает /его часто видят/ в обществе

3) be seen that... from this (from this fact, from the abovesaid, etc.) it will be /can be/ [easily] seen that... из этого и т.д. [с очевидностью] следует, что...; it can be seen at a glance, that... ясно с первого взгляда, что...; it will thus be seen that... таким образом, станет ясно, что...
10. XIII
see to do smth. can you see to read in this light вы можете читать /вы разбираете буквы/ при таком освещении?
11. XV
1) see in some manner owls see best at night совы лучше всего видят ночью; one may see double when drunk у пьяного в глазах двоится

2) see fit to do smth. you may go if you see fit to do so вы можете идти, если считаете это удобным
12. XVI
1) see with smth. see with one eye видеть одним глазом; see till some time a puppy cannot see till the ninth day щенки слепы первые девять дней; see in smth. see in the dark (in this light, in the rays of the sun, etc.) видеть в темноте и т.д. id he is not able to see beyond the end of his nose он не видит дальше своего носа

2) see about /to /smth. see about the luggage (about the matter, to the fire, to all the locks and doors, to all the arrangements, to the business, etc.) позаботиться о багаже и т.д., последить за багажом и т.д.; leave it to me, I'll see to it оставьте /поручите/ это мне, я прослежу за этим; this machine is out of order, will you see to it? машина не в порядке, посмотрите, в чем там дело; see after smth. see after one's own interests соблюдать свой интерес

3) see through smb., smth. see through him (through his motives, through smb.'s tricks, through her little game, through his politeness, through her fine ways, through smb.'s disguise, etc.) видеть его и т.д. насквозь; we could see through his plan мы понимали, что кроется за его планом
13. XVII
see about doing smth. see about getting the license plates (about sending the report in time, about packing, about ordering a car, etc.) (по)заботиться о том, чтобы получить номера для машины и т.д., проследить за получением номеров для машины и т.д.
14. XVIII
see oneself 'in smb. see oneself in one's children видеть себя в детях || see [for] oneself убедиться самому, увидеть собственными глазами
15. XXI1
1) see smth., smb. in /at /smth. see an interesting story in a book (a letter in a box, a girl in a room, smb. at a distance, etc.) (у)видеть интересный рассказ в книге и т.д.; see smb., smth. in fat) smth. see smb., smth. in dreams видеть кого-л., что-л. во сне; I can't quite see her (myself, etc.) at a ball я не могу представить себе ее и т.д. на балу; see smth., smb. through smth. see smth., smb. through a crack in the wall (through the trees, etc.) (у)видеть что-л., кого-л. через щель в стене и т.д.; I could see very little through the keyhole мне было плохо видно /я мало что видел/ в замочную скважину; see smth., smb. with smth. see smth., smb. with one's own eyes видеть что-л., кого-л. собственными глазами; see smth. before smth. I'd like to see the house before I decide to take it я бы хотел осмотреть дом, прежде чем решиться на покупку || see the last of smb., smth. распрощаться с кем-л., чем-л.; when shall I see the last of her! когда я наконец избавлюсь от неё!; I hope I have seen the last of this book надеюсь, я все-таки отделался от этой книги

2) see smth. in smb., smth. see charming traits in people (the fault in him, many problems in it, many things in the ordinary, a great danger in that sort of thing, etc.) находить /видеть/ в людях привлекательные черты и т.д.; to refuse to see any good in him отказаться видеть в нем что-л. хорошее; I don't know what you can see in her не знаю, что вы в ней находите

3) see smth. of smb. see much of each other (little of the Browns, a great deal of him, etc.) часто /много/ встречаться [друг с другом] и т.д.; I don't see anything of my neighbours я совсем не вижу своих соседей, я совсем не встречаюсь со своими соседями; see less of smb. in winter реже видеться с кем-л. зимой; she's seeing too much of him она слишком часто встречается с ним; see smb. at (for) some time see you on Sunday до встречи в воскресенье; I haven't seen you for ages я вас не видел целую вечность; can I see you for a moment? можно вас на минуту?; see smb. about (on) smth. see a man about the book (an inspector about the case, one's lawyer about the matter, a doctor about your condition, a doctor about her injury, etc.) повидать одного человека по поводу книги и т.д.; see smb. on business повидаться с кем-л. по делу

4) see smth. in some time see a lot in his life /a great deal in his time/ изведать жизнь, повидать немало в жизни

5) see smb. to some place see you to the door (him to the gate, a friend to the station, etc.) проводить вас до двери и т.д.; see the children to bed уложить детей спать; see smb. into (on, off, etc.) smth. see smb. into a train (on board a ship) посадить кого-л. в поезд (на пароход); see smb. off the premises выпроводить кого-л.

6) see smb. through smth. see us through the customs (his brother through college, me through the difficulty, her through her trouble) помочь нам пройти таможенный досмотр и т.д.

7) || see smth., smb. in some light видеть что-л., кого-л. в каком-л. свете; see smth. in the same light сходиться.во мнении относительно чего-л.; see smth. in a different light видеть что-л. в ином свете; 1 don't see it in that light у меня по этому вопросу другое мнение
16. XXII
see smth. of doing smth. see the use of going there (the good of helping her, the advantage of keeping your mouth shut, the fun of dancing, etc.) видеть смысл в том, чтобы пойти туда и т.д.; I don't see the good of getting angry не вижу никакого смысла злиться || see one's way to doing smth. придумать /найти/, как что-л. сделать
17. XXIV1
see smb. as smb. I can't see him as president (as a teacher, as a husband, etc.) я не могу себе представить его в роли президента и т.д.
18. XXIV4
see smth. as... see the problem as it is видеть проблему реально
19. XXV
1) see that... see that the man was old (that he was blind, that it is time to go, that the box is empty, etc.) видеть, что это старый человек /старик/ и т.д.; see whether..., (if..., how..., what..., etc.) see whether the book is there (if the postman has come, if this hat suits you, who it is, what you've done, what has happened, what courage can do, how far we have gone, etc.) посмотреть, там ли книга и т.д.; see who's at the door посмотри, кто пришел; can you see where the mistake is? вы можете найти ошибку?; we are anxious to see what there is to be seen of the country мы хотим повидать все достопримечательности страны

2) see that smth. is done see that the work is done (that the letter is mailed sometime today, that nothing goes wrong, that nothing has been neglected, that he comes to no harm, that he comes in time, that everything is in order, etc.) проследить, чтобы работа была сделана и т.д.; see that you lock the back door смотри, запри /не забудь запереть/ черный ход; see you don't miss the train смотри, не опоздай на поезд

3) see what... (that..., why..., etc.) see what I mean (what it is to have courage, that I am not wanted, that you have changed your mind, why you did that, why he doesn't come, how or why it is done, etc.) понимать, что я хочу сказать и т.д.; we saw that it was useless to insist мы поняли, что бесполезно настаивать; can't you see that I'm tired? разве вы не видите /не понимаете/, что я устал?; I see how it is мне понятно, как обстоят дела

4) see what... (when..., etc.) let me see what I can do (what ought to do now, when we can come, etc.) дайте подумать /сообразить/, что я могу сделать и т.д.
20. XXVII1
see through what... I am beginning to see through what he has in mind я начинаю понимать, что у него на уме
21. XXVII2
1) see from smth. that... I see from my diary that I am expected today (from the papers that he is dead, etc.) по моим записям я вижу, что меня ждут сегодня и т.д.

2) see to it that... see to it that the light is switched off проследи, чтобы свет был выключен

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > see
16 light

I 1. noun
1) Licht, das

in a good light — bei gutem Licht

be in somebody's light — jemandem im Licht sein

at first light — bei Tagesanbruch

while the light lasts — solange es [noch] hell ist

light of day — (lit. or fig.) Tageslicht, das

2) (electric lamp) Licht, das; (fitting) Lampe, die

go out like a light — (fig.) sofort weg sein (ugs.)

3) (signal to ships) Leuchtfeuer, das

4) in sing. or pl. (signal to traffic) Ampel, die

at the third set of lights — an der dritten Ampel

5) (to ignite) Feuer, das

have you got a light? — haben Sie Feuer?

put a/set light to something — etwas anzünden

6)

throw or shed light [up]on something — Licht in etwas (Akk.) bringen

bring something to light — etwas ans [Tages]licht bringen; see also academic.ru/65424/see">see 1. 1)

7) in pl. (beliefs, abilities)

according to one's lights — nach bestem Wissen [und Gewissen]

8) (aspect)

in that light — aus dieser Sicht

seen in this light — so gesehen

in the light of — (taking into consideration) angesichts (+ Gen.)

show somebody in a bad light — ein schlechtes Licht auf jemanden werfen

put somebody in a good/bad light — jemanden in einem guten/schlechten Licht erscheinen lassen
2. adjective
hell

light-blue/-brown — etc. hellblau/-braun usw
3. transitive verb,
lit or lighted

1) (ignite) anzünden

2) (illuminate) erhellen

light somebody's/one's way — jemandem/sich leuchten
4. intransitive verb,
lit or lighted [Feuer, Zigarette:] brennen, sich anzünden lassen

Phrasal Verbs:

- light up
II 1. adjective
1) leicht

[for] light relief — [als] kleine Abwechslung

be a light sleeper — einen leichten Schlaf haben

2) (small in amount) gering

traffic is light on these roads — auf diesen Straßen herrscht nur wenig Verkehr

3) (not important) leicht

make light of something — etwas bagatellisieren

4) (nimble) leicht [Schritt, Bewegungen]

have light fingers — (steal) gern lange Finger machen (ugs.)

5) (easily borne) leicht [Krankheit, Strafe]; gering [Steuern]; mild [Strafe]

6)

with a light heart — (carefree) leichten od. frohen Herzens

7)

feel light in the head — (giddy) leicht benommen sein
2. adverb
travel light — mit wenig od. leichtem Gepäck reisen
III intransitive verb,
lit or lighted (come by chance)

light [up]on something — auf etwas (Akk.) kommen od. stoßen

* * *
I 1. noun
1) (the brightness given by the sun, a flame, lamps etc that makes things able to be seen: It was nearly dawn and the light was getting stronger; Sunlight streamed into the room.) das Licht

2) (something which gives light (eg a lamp): Suddenly all the lights went out.) das Licht

3) (something which can be used to set fire to something else; a flame: Have you got a light for my cigarette?) das Feuer

4) (a way of viewing or regarding: He regarded her action in a favourable light.) das Licht
2. adjective
1) (having light; not dark: The studio was a large, light room.) licht, hell

2) ((of a colour) pale; closer to white than black: light green.) hell
3. [lit] verb
1) (to give light to: The room was lit only by candles.) erleuchten

2) (to (make something) catch fire: She lit the gas; I think this match is damp, because it won't light.) anzünden

•

- lightness

- lighten

- lighter
- lighting
- lighthouse
- light-year
- bring to light
- come to light
- in the light of
- light up
- see the light
- set light to II
1) (easy to lift or carry; of little weight: I bought a light suitcase for plane journeys.) leicht

2) (easy to bear, suffer or do: Next time the punishment will not be so light.) leicht

3) ((of food) easy to digest: a light meal.) leicht

4) (of less weight than it should be: The load of grain was several kilos light.) zu leicht

5) (of little weight: Aluminium is a light metal.) leicht

6) (lively or agile: She was very light on her feet.) leicht

7) (cheerful; not serious: light music.) heiter

8) (little in quantity; not intense, heavy, strong etc: light rain.) leicht

9) ((of soil) containing a lot of sand.) locker

•

- lightly

- lightness

- lighten

- light-fingered
- light-headed
- light-hearted
- lightweight
- get off lightly
- make light of
- travel light III = light on - past tense, past participle lit [lit] - verb
(to find by chance: While wandering round the town, we lit on a very cheap restaurant.)

* * *

light¹

[laɪt]

I. n

1. no pl (brightness) Licht nt

is there enough \light? ist es hell genug?

artificial/natural \light künstliches/natürliches Licht

the \light of the sun das Sonnenlicht

by the \light of the moon bei Mondschein

by the \light of the candle im Schein der Kerze

2. (light-giving thing) Licht nt, Lichtquelle f; (lamp) Lampe f

as the \lights went... als die Lichter ausgingen,...

to put [or switch] [or turn] the \light on/off das Licht einschalten/ausschalten [o fam anmachen/ausmachen

3. no pl (fire) Feuer nt; (flame) [Kerzen]flamme f

have you got a \light, please? Entschuldigung, haben Sie [vielleicht] Feuer?

to catch \light Feuer fangen

to set \light to sth BRIT etw anzünden

to strike a \light ein Streichholz [o SCHWEIZ a. Zündholz] anzünden

4. no pl (daylight) [Tages]licht nt

at [the] first \light bei Tagesanbruch

5. (for decoration)

▪ \lights pl:

Christmas \lights Weihnachtsbeleuchtung f

6. usu pl (traffic light) Ampel f

7. (sparkle) Strahlen nt kein pl, Leuchten nt kein pl

the light in his eyes das Strahlen in seinen Augen

8. ( fig: perspective) Aspekt m, Perspektive f

try to look at it in a new \light versuch' es doch mal aus einer anderen Perspektive zu sehen

she started to see him in a new \light sie sah ihn plötzlich in einem ganz neuen Licht

to show sth in a bad/good \light etw in einem schlechten/guten Licht erscheinen lassen

to put sth in a favourable \light etw in ein günstiges Licht rücken

9. no pl (enlightenment) Erleuchtung f

I saw the \light! mir ging ein Licht auf! fam

10. (spiritual illumination) Erleuchtung f

11. (person's abilities)

▪ \lights pl [geistige] Fähigkeiten

to do sth according to one's \lights etw so gut machen, wie man es eben kann

12. (bright part in picture/on object) Licht nt

\light and shadow Licht und Schatten

13. (window) Fenster nt; (window division) Oberlicht nt; (pane of glass) Fensterscheibe f

14. ( fig: person) Leuchte f fam

leading \light (best at something) großes Licht, Leuchte f fam; (leader) Nummer eins f fam

a shining \light eine große Leuchte fam, ein großes Licht fam

15. (beacon) Leuchtfeuer nt; (lighthouse) Leuchtturm m

16.

▶ to bring sth to \light etw ans Licht bringen

▶ to cast [or shed] [or throw] \light on sth etw beleuchten fig, Licht in etw akk bringen

▶ to come to \light ans Licht kommen

▶ the \light at the end of the tunnel das Licht am Ende des Tunnels fig

▶ to hide one's \light under a bushel sein Licht unter den Scheffel stellen

▶ in the \light of sth [or AM usu in \light of sth] angesichts einer S. gen, im Lichte einer S. gen liter

▶ to be the \light of sb's life ( hum) die Sonne im Leben einer Person gen sein

▶ to be [or go] out like a \light ( fam: fall asleep) sofort weg sein fam; (faint) umkippen fam

▶ to see the \light of day (come into being) das Licht der Welt erblicken; (become known) ans Licht kommen

II. adj

1. (bright) hell

it's slowly getting \light es wird allmählich hell

summer is coming and the evenings are getting \lighter der Sommer kommt und es bleibt abends länger hell

2. (pale) hell-; (stronger) blass-

III. vt

<lit or lighted, lit or lighted>

1. (illuminate)

▪ to \light sth etw erhellen; stage, room etw beleuchten; ( fig)

his investigations lit the way for many other scientists seine Forschungen waren wegweisend für viele andere Wissenschaftler

2. (turn on)

to \light an electric light das Licht einschalten [o fam anknipsen

3. (guide with light)

▪ to \light sb jdm leuchten

4. (ignite)

to \light a candle/match eine Kerze/ein Streichholz anzünden

to \light a fire ein Feuer anzünden [o fam anmachen] [o SCHWEIZ a. anfeuern], Feuer machen

to \light a cigarette/pipe sich dat eine Zigarette/Pfeife anzünden [o fam anstecken

IV. vi

<lit or lighted, lit or lighted>

1. (burn) brennen

2. ( fig: become animated) eyes, etc aufleuchten fig

her face lit with pleasure sie strahlte vor Freude über das ganze Gesicht

light²

[laɪt]

I. adj

1. (not heavy) leicht

to be as \light as a feather federleicht [o leicht wie eine Feder] sein

2. (deficient in weight) zu leicht

this sack of rice seems about 2 kilos \light ich habe den Eindruck, dieser Sack Reis wiegt 2 Kilo zu wenig

to give sb \light weight jdm zu wenig abwiegen

3. (not sturdily built) leicht

\light clothes leichte Kleidung

4. (for small loads) Klein-

\light aircraft/lorry Kleinflugzeug nt/-lastwagen m

\light railway Kleinbahn f

5. MIL

\light infantry leichte Infanterie

6. (not fully loaded) aircraft/ship/vehicle nicht voll beladen

7. (of food and drink) leicht; (low in fat) fettarm

a \light diet eine fettarme Diät

\light food leichtes Essen

a \light meal eine leichte Mahlzeit

\light pastry lockerer Teig

\light wine leichter Wein

8. (porous)

\light soil lockeres Erdreich

9. CHEM leicht

\light isotope leichtes Isotop

10. (low in intensity)

the traffic was quite \light es war kaum Verkehr

it's only \light rain es nieselt nur

\light breeze leichte Brise

11. (easily disturbed)

\light sleep leichter Schlaf

to be a \light sleeper einen leichten Schlaf haben

12. (easily done) nachsichtig, mild

\light sentence mildes Urteil

\light housework leichte Hausarbeit

13. (gentle) leicht; kiss zart; (soft) touch sanft

to have a \light touch MUS einen weichen Anschlag haben

14. (graceful)

\light building elegantes Gebäude

\light figure anmutige Gestalt

15. (not bold)

\light type eine schlanke Schrifttype

16. (not serious) leicht attr

\light entertainment leichte Unterhaltung

\light opera Operette f

\light reading Unterhaltungslektüre f

\light tone Plauderton m

17. (cheerful) frohgemut poet

with a \light heart leichten Herzens

18. ( old: unchaste) leicht

a \light girl ein leichtes Mädchen veraltend

19.

▶ to be a bit \light in one's loafers AM (pej!) etwas weibische Züge haben pej

▶ to be \light on one's feet leichtfüßig sein

▶ to make \light of sth etw bagatellisieren [o fam herunterspielen]

▶ to make \light work of sth mit etw dat spielend fertigwerden

▶ to be \light on sth es an etw dat fehlen lassen

II. adv

1. (with little luggage)

to travel \light mit leichtem Gepäck reisen

2. (with no severe consequences)

to get off \light glimpflich [o fam mit einem blauen Auge] davonkommen

* * *
I [laɪt] vb: pret, ptp lit or lighted
1. n

1) (in general) Licht nt

by the light of a candle/the fire — im Schein einer Kerze/des Feuers

light and shade — Licht und Schatten

at first light —

hang the picture in a good light — häng das Bild ins richtige Licht

to cast or throw or shed light on sth (lit) — etw beleuchten; (fig also) Licht in etw (acc) bringen

the moon cast its silvery light on... — der Mond beleuchtete... silbern or warf sein silbernes Licht auf (+acc)...

to cast a new or fresh light on sth — neues Licht auf etw (acc)

to be in sb's light (lit) — jdm im Licht stehen

in the cold light of day (fig) — bei Licht besehen

the harsh light of reality — die raue Wirklichkeit

this story shows his character in a bad light — diese Geschichte wirft ein schlechtes Licht auf seinen Charakter

to see sb/sth in a different light — jdn/etw in einem anderen Licht sehen

it showed him in a different light —

I don't see things in that light — ich sehe die Dinge anders or in einem anderen Licht

to see sth in a new light — etw mit anderen Augen betrachten

in the light of — angesichts (+gen)

the theory, seen in the light of recent discoveries — die Theorie im Licht(e) der neuesten Entdeckungen betrachtet

in the light of what you say — in Anbetracht dessen, was Sie sagen

to bring sth to light — etw ans Tageslicht bringen

to come to light —

to see the light (liter) (= be born) (= be made public) — das Licht der Welt erblicken (liter) veröffentlicht werden

finally I saw the light (inf) — endlich ging mir ein Licht auf (inf); (morally) endlich wurden mir die Augen geöffnet

to see the light of day (report) — veröffentlicht werden; (project) verwirklicht werden

the light dawned (fig) — mir ging ein Licht auf (inf)

to go out like a light — sofort weg sein (inf)

2) Licht nt; (= lamp) Lampe f; (= fluorescent light) Neonröhre f

put out the lights before you go to bed — mach das Licht aus, bevor du ins Bett gehst

all the lights went out during the storm — während des Sturms gingen alle Lichter aus

(traffic) lights — Ampel f

the lights (of a car) —

all ships must show a light while at sea lights out (Mil) — alle Schiffe müssen auf See Lichter führen Zapfenstreich m

lights out for the boys was at 8 pm — um 20 Uhr mussten die Jungen das Licht ausmachen

lights out! — Licht aus(machen)!

to hide one's light under a bushel (prov) — sein Licht unter den Scheffel stellen (prov)

the lights are on but nobody's (at) home (fig inf) — er/sie ist geistig weggetreten (inf)

3)

(= flame) have you (got) a light? — haben Sie Feuer?

to put a light to sth, to set light to sth — etw anzünden

4) (ARCHIT) (Dach)fenster nt; (= skylight) Oberlicht nt

leaded lights — in Blei gefasste Fensterscheiben

5) (in eyes) Leuchten nt

the light went out of her eyes — das Strahlen erlosch in ihren Augen

6)

(= standards) according to his lights — nach bestem Wissen und Gewissen

2. adj (+er)
hell
a light green dress — ein hellgrünes Kleid

it's getting or growing light —

it is light now — es ist jetzt hell or Tag

3. vt

1) (= illuminate) beleuchten; lamp, light anmachen

a smile lit her face — ein Lächeln erhellte ihr Gesicht

to light the way for sb — jdm leuchten; (fig)

his pioneering work lit the way for a whole generation of scholars — seine Pionierarbeit war wegweisend für eine ganze Gelehrtengeneration

2) (= ignite) anzünden; cigarette anstecken, anzünden; fire, candle anzünden, anmachen

to light a fire under sb ( esp US fig ) — jdm Feuer unter dem Hintern machen (inf)

4. vi
(= begin to burn) brennen
this fire won't light — das Feuer geht nicht an
II
1. adj (+er)
leicht; taxes niedrig; punishment milde
to give sb light weight — jdm zu wenig abwiegen

she has a very light touch on the piano — sie hat einen sehr weichen Anschlag

to be a light eater — wenig essen, kein großer Esser sein

light comedy — Lustspiel nt, Schwank m

light opera — Operette f

light reading — Unterhaltungslektüre f

a light and cheerful approach to life — eine unbeschwerte, fröhliche Einstellung zum Leben

with a light heart — leichten Herzens

as light as air or a feather — federleicht

to be light on one's feet — sich leichtfüßig bewegen

to make light of one's difficulties — seine Schwierigkeiten auf die leichte Schulter nehmen

you shouldn't make light of her problems — du solltest dich über ihre Probleme nicht lustig machen

to make light work of — spielend fertig werden mit

2. adv

to travel light — mit wenig or leichtem Gepäck reisen
III
vi pret, ptp lighted or lit (liter)
sich niederlassen
* * *

light¹ [laıt]

A s

1. Licht n, Helligkeit f:

let there be light! BIBEL es werde Licht!;

stand ( oder be) in sb’s light

a) jemandem im Licht stehen,

b) fig jemandem im Weg stehen;

stand in one’s own light

a) sich im Licht stehen,

b) fig sich selbst im Weg stehen;

get out of the light geh aus dem Licht!;

he can see the light at the end of the tunnel fig er sieht Licht am Ende des Tunnels

2. Licht n ( auch PHYS), Beleuchtung f:

in subdued light bei gedämpftem Licht

3. Licht n, Schein m:

by the light of a candle beim Licht oder Schein einer Kerze, bei Kerzenschein

4. a) Licht(quelle) n(f) (Sonne, Lampe, Kerze etc):

hide one’s light under a bushel sein Licht unter den Scheffel stellen

b) AUTO Scheinwerfer m: → flash B 1

5. Br meist pl (Verkehrs) Ampel f:

jump ( oder shoot) the lights bei Rot über die Kreuzung fahren, ein Rotlicht überfahren;

the lights were against him er hatte Rot; → green light, red light

6. SCHIFF

a) Leuchtfeuer n

b) Leuchtturm m

7. (Sonnen-, Tages)Licht n: I must finish my work while the light lasts solang(e) es noch hell ist;

see the light (of day)

a) das Licht der Welt erblicken, geboren werden,

b) fig herauskommen, auf den Markt kommen ( → A 9, A 11);

at first light bei Tagesanbruch;

in the cold light of day ( oder dawn) fig bei Licht besehen oder betrachtet

8. Tagesanbruch m:

at light bei Tagesanbruch

9. fig (Tages) Licht n:

bring (come) to light ans Licht bringen (kommen);

see the light (of day) bekannt oder veröffentlicht werden ( → A 7, A 11)

10. fig Licht n, Aspekt m:

in the light of Br, in light of US unter dem Aspekt (gen), in Anbetracht (gen), angesichts (gen);

I have never looked on the matter in that light von dieser Seite habe ich die Angelegenheit noch nie gesehen;

put sth in its true light etwas ins rechte Licht rücken;

reveal sth in a different light etwas in einem anderen Licht erscheinen lassen;

see sth in a different light etwas mit anderen Augen sehen;

show sth in a bad light ein schlechtes Licht auf eine Sache werfen

11. fig Licht n, Erleuchtung f ( auch REL):

cast ( oder shed, throw) light on sth

a) Licht auf eine Sache werfen,

b) zur Lösung oder Aufklärung einer Sache beitragen;

see the light

a) zur Einsicht kommen,

b) REL erleuchtet werden ( → A 7, A 9);

I saw the light mir ging ein Licht auf, mir gingen die Augen auf;

by the light of nature mit den natürlichen Verstandeskräften

12. pl Erkenntnisse pl, Informationen pl

13. pl Wissen n, Verstand m, geistige Fähigkeiten pl:

by ( oder according to) his lights

a) so gut er es eben versteht,

b) nach seinen Grundsätzen oder Vorstellungen oder Maßstäben,

c) für seine Verhältnisse

14. MAL

a) Licht n:

light and shade

b) Aufhellung f

15. Glanz m, Leuchten n (der Augen):

the light went out of her eyes der Glanz ihrer Augen erlosch

16. Feuer n (zum Anzünden):

have you got a light? haben Sie Feuer?;

put a ( oder set) light to sth etwas anzünden oder in Brand stecken;

strike a light ein Streichholz anzünden

17. a) Fenster(scheibe) n(f)

b) Dachfenster n

18. fig Leuchte f, großes Licht (Person): → leading light 2

19. auch light of one’s eyes poet Augenlicht n

20. pl sl Gucker pl (Augen)

B adj hell, licht (Farbe, Raum etc):

light hair helles Haar;

light red

a) Hellrot n,

b) hellrot

C v/t prät und pperf lighted, lit [lıt]

1. auch light up ein Feuer, eine Lampe anzünden:

he lit a cigarette er zündete sich eine Zigarette an

2. be-, erleuchten, erhellen:

light up hell beleuchten

3. meist light up jemandes Augen etc aufleuchten lassen

4. jemandem leuchten

5. be lit up umg angeheitert sein:

a) durch Alkoholgenuss beschwingt sein

b) leicht angetrunken sein

D v/i

1. auch light up sich entzünden

2. meist light up

a) sich erhellen, hell werden,

b) fig aufleuchten (Augen etc)

3. light up

a) Licht machen,

b) die Straßenbeleuchtung einschalten,

c) AUTO die Scheinwerfer einschalten

4. light up umg sich eine (Zigarette etc) anzünden

light² [laıt]

A adj (adv → lightly)

1. leicht (von geringem Gewicht):

(as) light as air

a) auch (as) light as a feather ( oder as thistledown) federleicht

b) fig sorgenfrei; → purse A 1

2. (spezifisch) leicht:

light metal Leichtmetall n

3. light coin US Münze f mit zu geringem Edelmetallgehalt

4. leicht (zu ertragen oder auszuführen):

light punishment;

light work; → work A 1

5. leicht (nicht tief):

light sleep; → sleeper 1

6. leicht, Unterhaltungs…:

light literature Unterhaltungsliteratur f;

light music leichte Musik, Unterhaltungsmusik f;

light opera komische Oper, Spieloper f;

light reading Unterhaltungslektüre f, leichte Lektüre

7. leicht (geringfügig):

light illness;

a light rain;

a light eater ein schwacher Esser;

a light error ein kleiner Irrtum;

light traffic geringer Verkehr;

no light matter keine Kleinigkeit;

make light of sth

a) etwas auf die leichte Schulter nehmen,

b) etwas verharmlosen oder bagatellisieren

8. leicht:

a) leicht verdaulich:

a light meal eine leichte Mahlzeit

b) mit geringem Alkohol- oder Nikotingehalt (Wein, Zigaretten etc)

9. locker (Erde, Schnee etc):

light bread leichtes oder locker gebackenes Brot

10. leicht, sanft (Berührung etc)

11. flink:

be light on one’s feet flink auf den Beinen sein

12. graziös, anmutig:

she is a light dancer

13. a) unbeschwert, sorglos, heiter, fröhlich:

with a light heart leichten Herzens

b) leichtfertig, -sinnig

c) unbeständig, flatterhaft

d) unmoralisch:

a light girl ein leichtes Mädchen

14. be light in the head (leicht) benommen sein

15. SCHIFF, MIL leicht (Artillerie, Kreuzer etc):

in light marching order mit leichtem Marschgepäck

16. a) leicht beladen

b) unbeladen, leer, ohne Ladung:

the ship returned light;

a light engine eine allein fahrende Lokomotive

17. TECH leicht (gebaut), für leichte Beanspruchung, Leicht…:

light plane Leichtflugzeug n;

light current ELEK Schwachstrom m

18. PHON

a) unbetont, schwach betont (Silbe, Vokal)

b) schwach (Betonung)

c) hell, vorn im Mund artikuliert (Laut)

B adv travel light mit leichtem Gepäck reisen

light³ [laıt] prät und pperf lighted, lit [lıt] v/i

1. obs oder poet (ab)steigen (from, off von)

2. obs oder poet fallen (on auf akk):

a cat always lights on its feet

3. obs oder poet sich niederlassen (on auf dat):

the bird lighted on a twig

4. fig obs oder poet (zufällig) stoßen (on auf akk)

5. fig obs oder poet fallen (on auf akk):

the choice lighted on him

6. light into sb umg über jemanden herfallen (auch mit Worten)

7. light out umg verduften umg, verschwinden

* * *
I 1. noun
1) Licht, das

in a good light — bei gutem Licht

be in somebody's light — jemandem im Licht sein

at first light — bei Tagesanbruch

while the light lasts — solange es [noch] hell ist

light of day — (lit. or fig.) Tageslicht, das

2) (electric lamp) Licht, das; (fitting) Lampe, die

go out like a light — (fig.) sofort weg sein (ugs.)

3) (signal to ships) Leuchtfeuer, das

4) in sing. or pl. (signal to traffic) Ampel, die

at the third set of lights — an der dritten Ampel

5) (to ignite) Feuer, das

have you got a light? — haben Sie Feuer?

put a/set light to something — etwas anzünden

6)

throw or shed light [up]on something — Licht in etwas (Akk.) bringen

bring something to light — etwas ans [Tages]licht bringen; see also see 1. 1)

7) in pl. (beliefs, abilities)

according to one's lights — nach bestem Wissen [und Gewissen]

8) (aspect)

in that light — aus dieser Sicht

seen in this light — so gesehen

in the light of — (taking into consideration) angesichts (+ Gen.)

show somebody in a bad light — ein schlechtes Licht auf jemanden werfen

put somebody in a good/bad light — jemanden in einem guten/schlechten Licht erscheinen lassen
2. adjective
hell

light-blue/-brown — etc. hellblau/-braun usw
3. transitive verb,
lit or lighted

1) (ignite) anzünden

2) (illuminate) erhellen

light somebody's/one's way — jemandem/sich leuchten
4. intransitive verb,
lit or lighted [Feuer, Zigarette:] brennen, sich anzünden lassen

Phrasal Verbs:

- light up
II 1. adjective
1) leicht

[for] light relief — [als] kleine Abwechslung

be a light sleeper — einen leichten Schlaf haben

2) (small in amount) gering

traffic is light on these roads — auf diesen Straßen herrscht nur wenig Verkehr

3) (not important) leicht

make light of something — etwas bagatellisieren

4) (nimble) leicht [Schritt, Bewegungen]

have light fingers — (steal) gern lange Finger machen (ugs.)

5) (easily borne) leicht [Krankheit, Strafe]; gering [Steuern]; mild [Strafe]

6)

with a light heart — (carefree) leichten od. frohen Herzens

7)

feel light in the head — (giddy) leicht benommen sein
2. adverb
travel light — mit wenig od. leichtem Gepäck reisen
III intransitive verb,
lit or lighted (come by chance)

light [up]on something — auf etwas (Akk.) kommen od. stoßen

* * *

adj.

blond adj.

erhellen adj.

hell adj.

leicht adj. n.

Licht -er n.

Lichtschein m.

Schein -e m. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: lit)

= anzünden v.

beleuchten v.

erleuchten v.

English-german dictionary > light
17 Philosophy

   1) There Are Ideas That Have Their Own True and Immutable Nature

   And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)

   2) Examine What Is within Our Reach

   Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)

   3) Modern Philosophy Starts with the Cartesian Catastrophe

   As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)

   4) The Rightful Claims of Philosophy

   It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the inﬂuence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic inﬂuences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)

   5) The Philosophy of Philosophy

   Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)

   6) Philosophy Is a Field Which Has Certain Central Questions

   I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)

   7) The Central Task of Philosophy

   What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.

   This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).

   The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....

   Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)

   8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science

   In the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)

   9) The Enduring Value of Philosophy

   Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....

   Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)

    10) The Distinction between Dionysian Man and Apollonian Man, between Art and Creativity and Reason and Self- Control

   In his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Philosophy
18 Language

   1) The Book of Nature Is Written in the Language of Mathematics

   Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)

   2) Arranging Speech so as to Reply Appropriately

   It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)

   3) No Other Animal Has the Language Capacity of the Human

   It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)

   4) Human Beings Do Not Live Only in the World of Objects

   Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reﬂection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)

   5) Language Powerfully Conditions All Our Thinking

   It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)

   6) A List of Language Games

   [A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]

   Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling it

   Solving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into another

   LANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)

   7) Language Constrains Certain Modes of Interpretation

   We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic ﬂux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)

   8) We Dissect Nature in Accordance with Our Native Languages

   We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.

   The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic ﬂux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)

   9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own Language

   The forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)

    10) The Analysis of Certain Types of Utterances

   It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)

    11) The Dictionary of a Language Is a System of Concepts

   In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)

    12) Talk about the Evolution of the Language Capacity is Beside the Point

   In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)

    13) The Development of Language

   [It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chieﬂy governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)

    14) Sentential and Conceptual Levels in Language

   he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.

   The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)

    15) Linguistic Realities Have Not Yet Been Captured by Theoretical Models

   The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.

   But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)

    16) The Final Steps to Human Language

   The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)

    17) The Inadequacy of Formal Linguistic Models for Ordinary Language Usage

    t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)

    18) When a Language Is an Abstract Machine

   A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)

    19) Metaphor and Metonymy Underpin the Formation of Linguistic Signs

   Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)

    20) Language and the Analysis of Nature

   It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)

    21) Correspondence Rules for Mapping Old Theory into Subsets of New Theory

   First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....

   Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)

    22) The Inclusion of Non- linguistic Factors in a Theory of Grammar

   If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)

    23) Language Is Inevitably Inﬂuenced by Specific Contexts of Human Interaction

   Language cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)

    24) The Genetic Blueprints of Language

   By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)

    25) Languages Are Machines

   Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
19 near

1. adverb
1) (at a short distance) nah[e]

stand/live [quite] near — [ganz] in der Nähe stehen/wohnen

come or draw near/nearer — [Tag, Zeitpunkt:] nahen/näherrücken

get nearer together — näher zusammenrücken

near at hand — in Reichweite (Dat.); [Ort] ganz in der Nähe

be near at hand — [Ereignis:] nahe bevorstehen

so near and yet so far — so nah und doch so fern

2) (closely)

near to = 2 a, b, c; we were near to being drowned — wir wären fast od. beinah[e] ertrunken
2. preposition
1) (in space) (position) nahe an/bei (+ Dat.); (motion) nahe an (+ Akk.); (fig.) nahe (geh.) nachgestellt (+ Dat.); in der Nähe (+ Gen.)

go near the water's edge — nahe ans Ufer gehen

keep near me — halte dich od. bleib in meiner Nähe

near where... — in der Nähe od. unweit der Stelle (Gen.), wo...

move it nearer her — rücke es näher zu ihr

don't stand so near the fire — geh nicht so nahe od. dicht an das Feuer

when we got nearer Oxford — als wir in die Nähe von Oxford kamen

wait till we're nearer home — warte, bis wir nicht mehr so weit von zu Hause weg sind

don't come near me — komm mir nicht zu nahe

it's near here — es ist hier in der Nähe

the man near/nearest you — der Mann, der bei dir/der dir am nächsten steht

2) (in quality)

nobody comes anywhere near him at swimming — im Schwimmen kommt bei weitem keiner an ihn heran

we're no nearer solving the problem — wir sind der Lösung des Problems nicht nähergekommen

3) (in time)

ask me again nearer the time — frag mich, wenn der Zeitpunkt etwas näher gerückt ist, noch einmal

it's drawing near Christmas — es geht auf Weihnachten zu

come back nearer 8 o'clock — komm kurz vor 8 Uhr noch einmal zurück

near the end/the beginning of something — gegen Ende/zu Anfang einer Sache (Gen.)

4) in comb. Beinahe[unfall, -zusammenstoß, -katastrophe]

near-hysterical — fast hysterisch

be in a state of near-collapse — kurz vor dem Zusammenbruch stehen

a near-miracle — fast od. beinahe ein Wunder
3. adjective
1) (in space or time) nahe

in the near future — in nächster Zukunft

the chair is nearer — der Stuhl steht näher

our nearest neighbours — unsere nächsten Nachbarn

2) (closely related) nahe [Verwandte]; eng [Freund]

near and dear — lieb und teuer

3) (in nature) fast richtig [Vermutung]; groß [Ähnlichkeit]

£30 or near/nearest offer — 30 Pfund oder nächstbestes Angebot

this is the nearest equivalent — dies entspricht dem am ehesten

that's the nearest you'll get to an answer — eine weitergehende Antwort wirst du nicht bekommen

near escape — Entkommen mit knapper Not

round it up to the nearest penny — runde es auf den nächsthöheren Pfennigbetrag

be a near miss — [Schuss, Wurf:] knapp danebengehen

that was a near miss — (escape) das war aber knapp!

4)

the near side — (Brit.) (travelling on the left/right) die linke/rechte Seite

5) (direct)

4 miles by the nearest road — 4 Meilen auf dem kürzesten Wege
4. transitive verb
sich nähern (+ Dat.)

the building is nearing completion — das Gebäude steht kurz vor seiner Vollendung

* * *
[niə] 1. adjective
1) (not far away in place or time: The station is quite near; Christmas is getting near.) nahe

2) (not far away in relationship: He is a near relation.) nahe
2. adverb
1) (to or at a short distance from here or the place mentioned: He lives quite near.) nahe

2) ((with to) close to: Don't sit too near to the window.) nahe
3. preposition
(at a very small distance from (in place, time etc): She lives near the church; It was near midnight when they arrived.) nahe
4. verb
(to come near (to): The roads became busier as they neared the town; as evening was nearing.) sich nähren

- academic.ru/49300/nearly">nearly
- nearness
- nearby
- nearside
- near-sighted
- a near miss
* * *

near

[nɪəʳ, AM nɪr]

I. adj

1. (close in space) nahe, in der Nähe

where's the \nearest phone box? wo ist die nächste Telefonzelle?

in the \near distance [ganz] in der Nähe

2. (close in time) nahe

in the \near future in der nahen Zukunft

3. (most similar)

▪ \nearest am nächsten

walking in these boots is the \nearest thing to floating on air in diesen Stiefeln läuft man fast wie auf Watte

this was the \nearest equivalent to cottage cheese I could find von allem, was ich auftreiben konnte, ist das hier Hüttenkäse am ähnlichsten

he rounded up the sum to the \nearest dollar er rundete die Summe auf den nächsten Dollar auf

4. attr (close to being)

he was in a state of \near despair er war der Verzweiflung nahe

that's a \near certainty/impossibility das ist so gut wie sicher/unmöglich

a \near catastrophe/collision eine Beinahekatastrophe/ein Beinahezusammenstoß m

5. attr (person) nahe, eng

he's a \near neighbour er gehört zu der unmittelbaren Nachbarschaft

\near relative enge[r] [o nahe[r]] Verwandte[r]

his \nearest and dearest ( hum) seine Lieben hum

6. attr BRIT, AUS AUTO, TRANSP (nearside) auf der Beifahrerseite präd, nach n

7.

▶ a \near thing:

that was a \near thing! it could have been a disaster das war aber knapp! es hätte ein Unglück geben können

she won in the end but it was a \near thing am Ende hat sie doch noch gewonnen, aber es war knapp

II. adv

1. (close in space) nahe

do you live somewhere \near? wohnst du hier irgendwo in der Nähe?

I wish we lived \nearer ich wünschte, wir würden näher beieinanderwohnen

I was standing just \near enough to hear what he was saying ich stand gerade nah genug, um zu hören, was er sagte

\near at hand object in [unmittelbarer] Reichweite; place [ganz] in der Nähe

2. (close in time) nahe

to draw [or get] \near näher rücken

the time is drawing \nearer die Zeit rückt näher

3. (almost) beinahe, fast

a \near perfect performance eine fast perfekte Vorstellung

I \near fell out or the chair ich wäre beinahe vom Stuhl gefallen

as \near as:

as \near as he could recall, the burglar had been tall soweit er sich erinnern konnte, war der Einbrecher groß gewesen

I'm as \near certain as can be ich bin mir so gut wie sicher

there were about 60 people at the party, as \near as I could judge ich schätze, es waren so um die 60 Leute auf der Party

\near enough ( fam) fast, beinahe

she's been here 10 years, \near enough sie ist seit 10 Jahren hier, so ungefähr jedenfalls

they're the same age or \near enough sie haben so ungefähr dasselbe Alter

nowhere [or not anywhere] \near bei Weitem nicht

his income is nowhere \near enough to live on sein Einkommen reicht bei Weitem nicht zum Leben [aus]

he's not anywhere \near as [or so] tall as his sister er ist längst nicht so groß wie seine Schwester

4.

▶ as \near as dammit [or damn it] BRIT ( fam)

it will cost £200, or as \near as dammit so Pi mal Daumen gerechnet wird es etwa 200 Pfund kosten

III. prep

1. (in proximity to)

▪ \near [to] nahe [bei] + dat

he stood \near her er stand nahe [o dicht] bei ihr

do you live \near here? wohnen Sie hier in der Nähe?

we live quite \near [to] a school wir wohnen in unmittelbarer Nähe einer Schule

the house was nowhere \near the port das Haus lag nicht mal in der Nähe des Hafens

don't come too \near me, you might catch my cold komm mir nicht zu nahe, du könntest dich mit meiner Erkältung anstecken

which bus stop is \nearest [to] your house? welche Bushaltestelle ist von deinem Haus aus die nächste?

go and sit \nearer [to] the fire komm, setz dich näher ans Feuer

there's a car park \near the factory bei [o in der Nähe] der Fabrik gibt es einen Parkplatz

2. (almost time of)

I shan't be home till some time \near midnight ich werde erst so um Mitternacht zurück sein

it's nowhere \near time for us to leave yet es ist noch längst nicht Zeit für uns zu gehen

I'm nowhere \near finishing the book ich habe das Buch noch längst nicht ausgelesen

details will be given \near the date die Einzelheiten werden kurz vor dem Termin bekanntgegeben

his birthday is very \near Easter er hat kurz vor Ostern Geburtstag

I'll think about it \nearer [to] the time wenn die Zeit reif ist, dann werde ich drüber nachdenken

\near the end of the war gegen Kriegsende

3. (close to a state) nahe

we came \near to being killed wir wären beinahe getötet worden

they came \near to blows over the election results sie hätten sich fast geprügelt wegen der Wahlergebnisse

\near to starvation/dehydration nahe dem Verhungern/Verdursten

\near to tears den Tränen nahe

4. (similar in quantity or quality)

he's \nearer 70 than 60 er ist eher 70 als 60

this colour is \nearest [to] the original diese Farbe kommt dem Original am nächsten

nobody else comes \near him in cooking was das Kochen angeht, da kommt keiner an ihn ran

5. (about ready to)

▪ to be \near to doing sth nahe daran sein, etw akk zu tun

I am \near to losing my temper ich verliere gleich die Geduld

he came \near to punching him er hätte ihn beinahe geschlagen

6. (like)

he felt something \near envy er empfand so etwas wie Neid

what he said was nothing \near the truth was er sagte, entsprach nicht im Entferntesten der Wahrheit

7. (almost amount of) annähernd, fast

it weighed \near to a pound es wog etwas weniger als ein Pfund

temperatures \near 30 degrees Temperaturen von etwas unter 30 Grad

profits fell from £8 million to \nearer £6 million die Gewinne sind von 8 Millionen auf gerade mal 6 Millionen zurückgegangen

IV. vt

▪ to \near sth sich akk etw dat nähern, etw dat näher kommen

we \neared the top of the mountain wir kamen dem Gipfel des Berges immer näher

to \near completion kurz vor der Vollendung stehen

sb \nears his/her end ( liter) jds Ende naht euph

V. vi sich akk nähern, näher kommen [o rücken]

lunchtime is \nearing es ist bald Mittagszeit

as Christmas \neared, little Susan became more and more excited als Weihnachten nahte, wurde die kleine Susan immer aufgeregter

* * *
[nɪə(r)] (+er)
1. ADVERB

1) = close in space or time nahe

he lives quite near — er wohnt ganz in der Nähe

don't sit/stand so near — setzen Sie sich/stehen Sie nicht so nahe (daran)

you live nearer/nearest — du wohnst näher/am nächsten

to move/come nearer — näher kommen

could you move nearer together? — könnten Sie näher or enger zusammenrücken?

that was the nearest I ever got to seeing him — da hätte ich ihn fast gesehen

this is the nearest I can get to solving the problem — besser kann ich das Problem nicht lösen

that's the nearest I ever got to being fired — da hätte nicht viel gefehlt und ich wäre rausgeworfen worden

the nearer it gets to the election, the more they look like losing — je näher die Wahl kommt or rückt, desto mehr sieht es danach aus, dass sie verlieren werden __diams; to be near at hand zur Hand sein; (shops) in der Nähe sein; (help) ganz nahe sein; (event) unmittelbar bevorstehen

2) = closely, accurately genau

as near as I can tell —

the same size as near as dammit (inf) — fast genau die gleiche Größe

(that's) near enough — so gehts ungefähr, das haut so ungefähr hin (inf)

... no, but near enough —... nein, aber es ist nicht weit davon entfernt

there were near enough 60 people at the party — es waren knapp 60 Leute auf der Party

they're the same length or as near as makes no difference — sie sind so gut wie gleich lang

it's as near stopped as makes no difference — es hat so gut wie aufgehört

3) = almost fast, beinahe; impossible nahezu, fast; dead nahezu

he very near succeeded — fast or beinahe wäre es ihm gelungen

4)

in negative statements it's nowhere near enough — das ist bei Weitem nicht genug

it's nowhere near right — das ist weit gefehlt

we're not any nearer (to) solving the problem — wir sind der Lösung des Problems kein bisschen näher gekommen

we're nowhere or not anywhere near finishing the book —

nowhere near as much — lange or bei Weitem nicht so viel

you are nowhere or not anywhere near the truth — das ist weit gefehlt, du bist weit von der Wahrheit entfernt

he is nowhere or not anywhere near as clever as you — er ist lange or bei Weitem nicht so klug wie du

2. PREPOSITION
(also ADV: near to)
1) = close to position nahe an (+dat), nahe (+dat); (with motion) nahe an (+acc); (= in the vicinity of) in der Nähe von or +gen; (with motion) in die Nähe von or +gen

to get near (to) the church — in die Nähe der Kirche kommen

he lives near (to) the border — er wohnt in der Nähe der Grenze or nahe der Grenze

the hotel is very near (to) the station — das Hotel liegt ganz in der Nähe des Bahnhofs

move the chair near/nearer (to) the table — rücken Sie den Stuhl an den/näher an den Tisch

to get near/nearer (to) sb/sth — nahe/näher an jdn/etw herankommen

to stand near/nearer (to) the table — nahe/näher am Tisch stehen

he won't go near anything illegal —

when we got near (to) the house — als wir an das Haus herankamen or in die Nähe des Hauses kamen

when we are nearer home — wenn wir nicht mehr so weit von zu Hause weg sind

keep near me — bleib in meiner Nähe

near here/there — hier/dort in der Nähe

don't come near me — komm mir nicht zu nahe

near (to) where I had seen him — nahe der Stelle, wo ich ihn gesehen hatte

to be nearest to sth — einer Sache (dat) am nächsten sein

take the chair nearest (to) you/the table — nehmen Sie den Stuhl direkt neben Ihnen/dem Tisch

that's nearer it —

the adaptation is very near (to) the original — die Bearbeitung hält sich eng ans Original

to be near (to) sb's heart or sb — jdm am Herzen liegen

to be near (to) the knuckle or bone (joke) — gewagt sein; (remark) hart an der Grenze sein

2) = close in time with time stipulated gegen

near (to) death — dem Tode nahe

she is near her time — es ist bald so weit (bei ihr)

near (to) the appointed time — um die ausgemachte Zeit herum

phone again nearer (to) Christmas — rufen Sie vor Weihnachten noch einmal an

come back nearer (to) 3 o'clock —

on the Wednesday nearest Easter — am Mittwoch (direkt) vor Ostern

to be nearer/nearest (to) sth — einer Sache (dat) zeitlich näher liegen/am nächsten liegen

near (to) the end of my stay/the play/the book — gegen Ende meines Aufenthalts/des Stücks/des Buchs

I'm near (to) the end of the book — ich habe das Buch fast zu Ende gelesen

she's near (to) the end of her stay — ihr Aufenthalt ist fast zu Ende or vorbei

her birthday is near (to) mine — ihr und mein Geburtstag liegen nahe beieinander

the sun was near (to) setting —

it is drawing near (to) Christmas — es geht auf Weihnachten zu

as it drew near/nearer (to) his departure — als seine Abreise heranrückte/näher heranrückte

3)

= on the point of to be near (to) doing sth — nahe daran sein, etw zu tun

to be near (to) tears/despair etc — den Tränen/der Verzweiflung etc nahe sein

she was near (to) laughing out loud — sie hätte beinahe laut gelacht

the project is near/nearer (to) completion —

he came near to ruining his chances — er hätte sich seine Chancen beinahe verdorben, es hätte nicht viel gefehlt, und er hätte sich seine Chancen verdorben

we were near to being drowned — wir waren dem Ertrinken nahe, wir wären beinahe ertrunken

4) = similar to ähnlich (+dat)

German is nearer (to) Dutch than English is — Deutsch ist dem Holländischen ähnlicher als Englisch

it's the same thing or near it —

nobody comes anywhere near him at swimming (inf) — im Schwimmen kann es niemand mit ihm aufnehmen (inf)

3. ADJECTIVE

1) = close in space or time nahe

to be near (person, object) — in der Nähe sein; (danger, end, help) nahe sein; (event, departure, festival) bevorstehen

to be very near — ganz in der Nähe sein; (in time) nahe or unmittelbar bevorstehen; (danger etc) ganz nahe sein

to be nearer/nearest — näher/am nächsten sein; (event etc) zeitlich näher/am nächsten liegen

it looks very near —

our nearest neighbours are 5 miles away — unsere nächsten Nachbarn sind 5 Meilen entfernt

these glasses make things look nearer — diese Brille lässt alles näher erscheinen

his answer was nearer than mine/nearest — seine Antwort traf eher zu als meine/traf die Sachlage am ehesten

when death is so near — wenn man dem Tod nahe ist

these events are still very near —

the hour is near (when...) (old) her hour was near (old) — die Stunde ist nahe(, da...) (old) ihre Stunde war nahe (old)

2) fig escape knapp

a near disaster/accident — beinahe or fast ein Unglück nt/ein Unfall m

his nearest rival — sein schärfster Rivale, seine schärfste Rivalin

our nearest competition — unsere stärkste Konkurrenz

to be in a state of near collapse/hysteria — am Rande eines Zusammenbruchs/der Hysterie sein

round up the figure to the nearest pound — runden Sie die Zahl auf das nächste Pfund auf

£50 or nearest offer (Comm) — Verhandlungsbasis £ 50

we'll sell it for £50, or nearest offer — wir verkaufen es für £ 50 oder das nächstbeste Angebot

the nearest in line to the throne — der unmittelbare Thronfolger

this is the nearest equivalent — das kommt dem am Nächsten

this is the nearest translation you'll get — besser kann man es kaum übersetzen, diese Übersetzung trifft es noch am ehesten

that's the nearest thing you'll get to a compliment/an answer — ein besseres Kompliment/eine bessere Antwort kannst du kaum erwarten

3) = closely related, intimate relation nah; friend nah, vertraut

my nearest and dearest — meine Lieben

a near and dear friend — ein lieber und teurer Freund

4. TRANSITIVE VERB
sich nähern (+dat)
he was nearing his end — sein Leben neigte sich dem Ende zu

to be nearing sth (fig) — auf etw (acc) zugehen

she was nearing fifty — sie ging auf die Fünfzig zu

to near completion — kurz vor dem Abschluss stehen

5. INTRANSITIVE VERB
(time, event) näher rücken
the time is nearing when... — die Zeit rückt näher, da...

* * *

near [nıə(r)]

A adv

1. nahe, (ganz) in der Nähe, dicht dabei

2. nahe (bevorstehend) (Zeitpunkt, Ereignis etc)

3. nahe (heran), näher:

he stepped near

4. nahezu, beinahe, fast:

£1,000 is not anywhere near enough 1000 Pfund sind bei Weitem nicht genug oder sind auch nicht annähernd genug;

not anywhere near as bad as nicht annähernd so schlecht wie, bei Weitem nicht so schlecht wie

5. obs sparsam:

live near sparsam oder kärglich leben

6. fig eng (verwandt, befreundet etc)

7. SCHIFF hart (am Winde):

sail near to the wind

B adj (adv → nearly)

1. nahe (gelegen), in der Nähe:

the nearest place der nächstgelegene Ort

2. kurz, nahe:

the nearest way der kürzeste Weg

3. nahe (Zeitpunkt, Ereignis etc):

Christmas is near;

the near future

4. nahe (verwandt):

the nearest relations die nächsten Verwandten

5. eng (befreundet oder vertraut):

a near friend ein guter oder enger Freund;

my nearest and dearest friend mein bester Freund;

my nearest and dearest meine Lieben

6. knapp:

we had a near escape wir sind mit knapper Not entkommen;

near miss FLUG, AUTO Beinahe-, Fastzusammenstoß m;

be a near miss

a) knapp danebengehen (Schuss etc),

b) fig knapp scheitern;

that was a near thing umg das hätte ins Auge gehen können, das ist gerade noch einmal gut gegangen

7. genau, wörtlich, wortgetreu (Übersetzung etc)

8. umg knaus(e)rig

C präp

1. nahe (dat), in der oder die Nähe von (oder gen), nahe an (dat) oder bei, unweit (gen):

near sb in jemandes Nähe;

a house near the station ein Haus in Bahnhofsnähe;

get near the end of one’s career sich dem Ende seiner Laufbahn nähern;

near completion der Vollendung nahe, nahezu fertiggestellt;

near here

a) nicht weit von hier,

b) hier in der Nähe;

his opinion is very near my own wir sind fast der gleichen Meinung;

be near doing sth nahe daran sein, etwas zu tun; → bone¹ A 1

2. (zeitlich) nahe, nicht weit von

D v/t & v/i sich nähern, näher kommen (dat):

be nearing completion der Vollendung entgegengehenBesondere Redewendungen: near at hand

a) → A 1,

b) → A 2 near by → nearby A;

come ( oder go) near to

a) sich ungefähr belaufen auf (akk),

b) einer Sache sehr nahe oder fast gleichkommen, fast etwas sein she came near to tears sie war den Tränen nahe, sie hätte fast geweint;

come ( oder go) near to doing sth etwas fast oder beinahe tun;

not come near to sth in keinem Verhältnis stehen zu etwas; → draw near, nowhere A 3

nr abk near

* * *
1. adverb
1) (at a short distance) nah[e]

stand/live [quite] near — [ganz] in der Nähe stehen/wohnen

come or draw near/nearer — [Tag, Zeitpunkt:] nahen/näherrücken

get nearer together — näher zusammenrücken

near at hand — in Reichweite (Dat.); [Ort] ganz in der Nähe

be near at hand — [Ereignis:] nahe bevorstehen

so near and yet so far — so nah und doch so fern

2) (closely)

near to = 2 a, b, c; we were near to being drowned — wir wären fast od. beinah[e] ertrunken
2. preposition
1) (in space) (position) nahe an/bei (+ Dat.); (motion) nahe an (+ Akk.); (fig.) nahe (geh.) nachgestellt (+ Dat.); in der Nähe (+ Gen.)

go near the water's edge — nahe ans Ufer gehen

keep near me — halte dich od. bleib in meiner Nähe

near where... — in der Nähe od. unweit der Stelle (Gen.), wo...

move it nearer her — rücke es näher zu ihr

don't stand so near the fire — geh nicht so nahe od. dicht an das Feuer

when we got nearer Oxford — als wir in die Nähe von Oxford kamen

wait till we're nearer home — warte, bis wir nicht mehr so weit von zu Hause weg sind

don't come near me — komm mir nicht zu nahe

it's near here — es ist hier in der Nähe

the man near/nearest you — der Mann, der bei dir/der dir am nächsten steht

2) (in quality)

nobody comes anywhere near him at swimming — im Schwimmen kommt bei weitem keiner an ihn heran

we're no nearer solving the problem — wir sind der Lösung des Problems nicht nähergekommen

3) (in time)

ask me again nearer the time — frag mich, wenn der Zeitpunkt etwas näher gerückt ist, noch einmal

it's drawing near Christmas — es geht auf Weihnachten zu

come back nearer 8 o'clock — komm kurz vor 8 Uhr noch einmal zurück

near the end/the beginning of something — gegen Ende/zu Anfang einer Sache (Gen.)

4) in comb. Beinahe[unfall, -zusammenstoß, -katastrophe]

near-hysterical — fast hysterisch

be in a state of near-collapse — kurz vor dem Zusammenbruch stehen

a near-miracle — fast od. beinahe ein Wunder
3. adjective
1) (in space or time) nahe

in the near future — in nächster Zukunft

the chair is nearer — der Stuhl steht näher

our nearest neighbours — unsere nächsten Nachbarn

2) (closely related) nahe [Verwandte]; eng [Freund]

near and dear — lieb und teuer

3) (in nature) fast richtig [Vermutung]; groß [Ähnlichkeit]

£30 or near/nearest offer — 30 Pfund oder nächstbestes Angebot

this is the nearest equivalent — dies entspricht dem am ehesten

that's the nearest you'll get to an answer — eine weitergehende Antwort wirst du nicht bekommen

near escape — Entkommen mit knapper Not

round it up to the nearest penny — runde es auf den nächsthöheren Pfennigbetrag

be a near miss — [Schuss, Wurf:] knapp danebengehen

that was a near miss — (escape) das war aber knapp!

4)

the near side — (Brit.) (travelling on the left/right) die linke/rechte Seite

5) (direct)

4 miles by the nearest road — 4 Meilen auf dem kürzesten Wege
4. transitive verb
sich nähern (+ Dat.)

the building is nearing completion — das Gebäude steht kurz vor seiner Vollendung

* * *

adj.

nah adj. prep.

nächst präp.

English-german dictionary > near
20 should

see academic.ru/66362/shall">shall

* * *
[ʃud]
negative short form - shouldn't; verb

1) (past tense of shall: I thought I should never see you again.) pt von shall

2) (used to state that something ought to happen, be done etc: You should hold your knife in your right hand; You shouldn't have said that.) Konjunktiv

3) (used to state that something is likely to happen etc: If you leave now, you should arrive there by six o'clock.) Ausdruck der Wahrscheinlichkeit

4) (used after certain expressions of sorrow, surprise etc: I'm surprised you should think that.) nach Ausdrücken der Überraschung etc.

5) (used after if to state a condition: If anything should happen to me, I want you to remember everything I have told you today.) Konditionell

6) ((with I or we) used to state that a person wishes something was possible: I should love to go to France (if only I had enough money).) Ausdruck eines Wunsches

7) (used to refer to an event etc which is rather surprising: I was just about to get on the bus when who should come along but John, the very person I was going to visit.) Ausdruck höchster Überraschung

* * *

should

[ʃʊd]

aux vb

1. (expressing advisability)

▪ sb/sth \should... jd/etw sollte...

if you're annoyed with him, you \should tell him wenn du dich über ihn ärgerst, solltest du ihm das sagen

he said that I \should see a doctor er meinte, ich solle zum Arzt gehen

you \should be ashamed of yourselves ihr solltet euch [was] schämen

how kind! you really \shouldn't have! wie nett! das war doch [wirklich] nicht nötig!

I \should have written to her ich hätte ihr schreiben sollen

one \should not judge people by their appearance man sollte Menschen nicht nach ihrem Äußeren beurteilen

he \shouldn't say things like that er sollte so etwas nicht sagen

she \should worry! she hasn't a problem in the world! ( iron) was braucht sie sich schon Sorgen zu machen! sie hat doch keinerlei Probleme

the car \should be serviced every year das Auto sollte jedes Jahr zur Inspektion

I recommend that there \should be an investigation ich würde dazu raten, eine Untersuchung durchzuführen

it's essential that the project \should not be delayed any further es ist wichtig, dass das Projekt nicht noch weiter verzögert wird

2. (asking for advice)

▪ \should sb/sth...? soll[te] jd/etw...?

\should I apologize to him? soll[te] ich mich bei ihm entschuldigen?

\should he apply for the job? soll[te] er sich für die Stelle bewerben?

how often \should the plant be watered? wie oft sollte [o muss] die Pflanze gegossen werden?

3. (expressing expectation)

▪ sb/sth \should... jd/etw sollte [o müsste] [eigentlich]...

you \should find this guidebook helpful dieser Führer wird dir sicher nützlich sein

there \shouldn't be any problems es dürfte eigentlich keine Probleme geben

that \should be safe enough das dürfte [o müsste eigentlich] sicher genug sein

everything is as it \should be alles ist wie es sein soll

this shirt's made of very good quality silk — I \should think it is, considering how much it cost dieses Hemd ist aus hochwertiger Seide — das will ich wohl meinen, wenn man bedenkt, was es gekostet hat

could you have the report ready by Friday? — yes, I \should think so könnten Sie den Bericht bis Freitag fertig haben? — ja, ich glaube schon

I don't like to drink more than one bottle of wine in an evening — I \should think not! ich mag pro Abend nicht mehr als eine Flasche Wein trinken — das will ich wohl meinen!

I bought her some flowers to say thank you — I \should think so too ich habe ihr ein paar Blumen gekauft, um mich zu bedanken — das war auch gut so

the boss wants to see us in her office immediately — this \should be good! ( iron fam) wir sollen sofort zur Chefin ins Büro kommen — das kann ja heiter werden! iron fam

I \should be so lucky ( fam) schön wär's! fam

4. (expressing futurity)

▪ sb/sth \should... jd/etw würde...

he realized that he \should have to do most of the work es wurde ihm klar, dass er die meiste Arbeit würde erledigen müssen

5. ( form: expressing a possibility)

in case [or if] sth/sb \should do sth falls etw/jd etw tun sollte

he took his cap in case it \should snow er nahm seine Mütze für den Fall mit, dass es zu schneien anfing

it seems very unlikely to happen, but if it \should, we need to be well-prepared es scheint unwahrscheinlich, aber für den Fall, dass es doch passieren sollte, müssen wir gut vorbereitet sein

he would be most welcome, \should he be coming at all er wäre höchst willkommen, falls er überhaupt kommt

6. (rhetorical)

▪ why \should sb/sth...? warum sollte jd/etw...?

why \should anyone want to eat something so horrible? warum sollte irgendjemand so etwas Scheußliches essen wollen?

7. (expressing surprise)

I was just getting off the bus when who \should I see but my old school friend Pat! was glaubst du, wen ich gesehen habe, als ich aus dem Bus ausstieg — niemand anderen als meinen alten Schulfreund Pat!

8. (expressing an opinion)

it's odd that she \should think I would want to see her again es ist seltsam, dass sie meint, ich wolle sie wiedersehen

it's so unfair that she \should have died so young es ist so ungerecht, dass sie so jung sterben musste

it worries me that he \should drive all that way on his own esp BRIT es beunruhigt mich, dass er die ganze Strecke alleine fährt

I suggest that you \should leave esp BRIT ( form) du solltest besser gehen

I prefer that Jane \should do it esp BRIT ( form) es wäre mir lieber, wenn Jane es täte

9. (could)

where's Daryl? — how \should I know? wo ist Daryl? — woher soll[te] ich das wissen?

for fear that I \should miss my flight, I arrived at the airport five hours early aus Angst, ich könnte mein Flugzeug verpassen, war ich fünf Stunden früher am Flughafen

10. ( dated form: would)

▪ I/we \should... ich würde/wir würden...

I \should like a whisky before the meal ich hätte vor dem Essen gern einen Whisky

we \should like to take you out for dinner next week wir würden Sie gerne nächste Woche zum Abendessen einladen

I \shouldn't worry about it if I were you ich würde mir deswegen an deiner Stelle keine Sorgen machen

he took his umbrella so that he \shouldn't get wet er nahm seinen Schirm mit, um nicht nass zu werden

we \should have come sooner if we'd known how ill he was wir wären früher gekommen, wenn wir gewusst hätten, wie krank er war

I \shouldn't be surprised ich wäre nicht überrascht

* * *
[ʃʊd] pret of shall
modal aux vb

1)

(expressing duty, advisability, command) I/he should do that — ich/er sollte das tun

you shouldn't do that — Sie sollten das nicht tun

I should have done it — ich hätte es tun sollen or müssen

I shouldn't have done it — ich hätte es nicht tun sollen or dürfen

all is as it should be — alles ist so, wie es sein sollte or muss

which is as it should be — und so soll(te) es auch sein

he should know that it's wrong to lie — er sollte or müsste wissen, dass man nicht lügen darf

you really should see that film — den Film sollten or müssen Sie wirklich sehen

you should have seen his face! (inf) —

should I go too? – yes you should was it a good film? – I should think it was — sollte ich auch gehen? – ja, das sollten Sie schon war der Film gut? – und ob

he's coming to apologize – I should think so — er will sich entschuldigen – das möchte ich auch meinen or hoffen

... and I should know —... und ich müsste es ja wissen

how should I know? — woher soll ich das wissen?

2)

(expressing probability) he should be there by now —

they should arrive tomorrow — sie müssten morgen ankommen

this should be enough — das müsste eigentlich reichen

why should he suspect me? — warum sollte er mich verdächtigen?

this book should help you — dieses Buch wird Ihnen bestimmt helfen

this should be good! (inf) — das wird bestimmt gut!

3)

(in tentative statements) I shouldn't like to say —

I should hardly have called him an idiot — ich hätte ihn wohl kaum einen Idioten genannt

I should think there were about 40 — ich würde schätzen, dass etwa 40 dort waren

should I open the window? — soll ich das Fenster aufmachen?

I should like to disagree — da möchte ich widersprechen

I should like to know — ich wüsste gern, ich möchte gern wissen

I should like to apply for the job — ich würde mich gern um die Stelle bewerben

thanks, I should like to — danke, gern

4)

(expressing surprise) who should I see/should it be but Anne! — und wen sehe ich/und wer wars? Anne!

why should he want to know/do that? — warum will er das wohl wissen/machen?

why should he have done it, if...? — warum hat er es dann gemacht, wenn...?

5)

(subjunc, conditional) I/he should go if... —

we should have come if... — wir wären gekommen, wenn...

it seems unbelievable that he should have failed/be so young — es scheint unglaublich, dass er versagt hat/so jung ist

I don't see why he shouldn't have paid by now — ich verstehe nicht, warum er bis jetzt noch nicht bezahlt hat

if they should send for me —

if he should come, should he come — falls er kommen sollte, sollte er kommen

should it not be true — sollte das nicht wahr sein

I shouldn't be surprised if he comes or came or were to come — ich wäre nicht or keineswegs überrascht, wenn er kommen würde or wenn er käme

I shouldn't (do that) if I were you —

I shouldn't worry about it it is necessary that he should be told — ich würde mir darüber keine Gedanken machen es ist nötig, dass man es ihm sagt

unless he should change his mind — falls er es sich (dat) nicht anders überlegt

* * *

should [ʃʊd; unbetont ʃəd; ʃd; ʃt]

1. prät von shall, auch konditional futurisch: ich, er, sie, es sollte, du solltest, wir, Ihr, Sie, sie sollten:

should it prove false sollte es sich als falsch erweisen;

he should be home by then er müsste bis dahin wieder zu Hause sein

2. konditional: ich würde, wir würden:

I should go if …;

I should not have come if ich wäre nicht gekommen, wenn;

I should like to ich würde oder möchte gern

3. nach Ausdrücken des Erstaunens etc:

it is incredible that he should have failed es ist unglaublich, dass er versagt hat

* * *

see shall

* * *

modal

sollen v.

(§ p.,pp.: sollte, gesollt)

English-german dictionary > should

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

One Tree Hill (TV series) — One Tree Hill Intertitle, seasons 1–4; 8 Genre Drama, Sports Format Teen drama … Wikipedia
have — 1 strong, auxiliary verb past tense had, strong, third person singularpresent tense has; strong, negative short forms: haven t, hadn t, hasn t 1 used with the past participle of another verb to make the perfect tense of that verb: We have… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
One Hundred Years of Solitude — … Wikipedia
One Big Union (concept) — The One Big Union is a concept which emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries amongst working class trade unionists. Unions initially organised as craft or trade unions. Workers were organized by their skill: carpenters, plumbers,… … Wikipedia
One Tree Hill (season 6) — One Tree Hill: Season 6 One Tree Hill Season 6 DVD Cover Country of origin … Wikipedia
Have Dreams, Will Travel — (recently changed to West Texas Lullaby) Have Dreams, Will Travel movie poster Directed by Brad Isaacs … Wikipedia
One Meridian Plaza — in 1972 General information Status Demolished Type … Wikipedia
One, Two, Buckle My Shoe (novel) — One, Two, Buckle My Shoe … Wikipedia
One Life to Live storylines (1968–1979) — One Life to Live is an American soap opera that has been broadcast on the ABC network since 1968. The series starts with One Life to Live storylines (1968–1979). The plot continues in One Life to Live storylines (1980–1989). The plot in the next… … Wikipedia
One Fine Day (IPTV series) — One Fine Day Format Sitcom Created by Derek Klein Marc Morin Jr. Developed by Derek Klein Marc Morin Jr. Starring Bob Dignan Daniel Papas Elisha Reichert Kevin Zaidaman Brittney Refakes Betsy Trevarthen Jessica DiLibe … Wikipedia
One Life to Live miscellaneous characters — The following are minor or recurring characters from the American soap opera One Life to Live. Contents 1 Kimberly Andrews 2 Nigel Bartholomew Smythe … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

have enough problems of one's own

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

have enough problems of one's own

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: